rw

• Reading


  A complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct and derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing of information and ideas.
• Technique


  A way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill
• Reading Techniques


  The styles, systems or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas
• Cognitive Process


  An operation that affects mental content; the process of thinking and remembering; obtaining and storing of knowledge
• Decoding


  To find or understand the meaning of something, to recognize and interpret something, the process of translating a printed word into a sound
• Derive


  To take, receive or obtain something especially in a specified source
• Language acquisition


  The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate
• Skimming


  1. Read the title

  2. Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph

  3. Read the first paragraph completely

  4. If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationships among them

  5. Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph
• Skimming


  • Rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content
  • Useful in pre-reading, reviewing, and quickly reading material that does not need more detailed information
• Scanning


  1. Keep in mind what you are searching for

  2. Anticipate the form the information is likely to appear in

  3. Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan

  4. Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time
• Scanning


  • Rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information
• Phrase


  A group of words that go together to mean something
• Phrase Reading


  Focusing attention on phrases rather than individual words
• Clustering/Chunking


  An exercise to help develop the skills for phrase reading
• Non-Prose Reading


  Illustrated visual forms that summarize information and ideas through words, symbols, pictures, and drawings
• Types of Graphic Materials

  • Graphs
  • Diagrams
  • Charts
  • Maps
• Note-taking


  The practice of writing down or otherwise recording key points of information
• Cornell Method


  1. Rule your paper with a 2½ inch margin on the left leaving a six-inch area on the right

  2. During class, take down information on the six-inch area
• Cornell Method


  • Organized and systematic for recording and reviewing notes
  • Easy format for pulling out major concept and ideas
  • Simple and efficient
  • Saves time and effort
  • A "Do-it-right-in-the-first-place" system
• Outlining Method


  1. The most general information begins at the left with each more specific group of facts indented with spaces to the right

  2. The relationships between the different parts is carried out through indenting

  3. No number, letter, or Roman numeral needed
• Types of Outlines


  • Topic Outline
  • Sentence Outline
  • Mixed Outline
  • Paragraph Outline
• Outline Formats


  • Roman Numeral Format
  • Arabic or Dewey Decimal Format
  • Alphanumeric Outline
• Mapping Method


  A method that uses comprehension/concentration skills and evolves in a note taking form which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea
• Charting Method


  If the lecture format is distinct (such as chronological), you may set up your paper by drawing columns and labeling appropriate headings in a table
• Sentence Method


  Works well for paced-lessons where a lot of information is covered
• Summary


  A series of brief concise statements, in your own words of the main idea and the significant supporting details
• Somebody Technique


  Identify the character, describe the character's goal, describe a conflict that hinders the character, describe the resolution of the conflict
• SAAC Technique


  State the name of the article, book or story, assign the name of the author, action what the author is doing, complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details
• Topic vs Main Idea

  The topic is the subject matter, what it is about. The main idea is a complete statement, the point the writer is making about the topic.
• Main Idea


  • An important information that tells more about the overall idea of a paragraph or section of a text
  • It is called a topic sentence in a paragraph, thesis statement in an essay or article, and theme in a literary piece
  • Useful places to look for the main idea are the beginning, middle, and end of the paragraph
• Generalization


  A broad statement or an idea that applies to a group of people or things that have something in common
• Generalization


  • Clue words: all, none, most, many, always, everyone, never, sometimes, some, usually, seldom, few, generally, in general, and overall
  • Valid generalizations are supported by facts, use logic and reasoning, and have several examples
  • Faulty generalizations can be proven false with a single exception
• Inference


  The act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence
• Sentence


  Contains a subject and a predicate, and expresses a complete thought
• Kinds of Sentences According to Function

  • Declarative Sentence
  • Imperative Sentence
  • Interrogative Sentence
  • Exclamatory Sentence
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational agents will select the choice which presents the highest benefits
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by


  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits