L1

• SCIENCE OPERATIONALLY DEFINED


  1. Acquiring and validating information

  2. Systematic body of knowledge

  3. Solve Problems
• Why do we have problems? What is the bottom line (root) of us having problems? iMPeRfEctiOn. More often we make wrong choices, wrong decisions
• Genesis 1:1: '"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth."'
• Genesis 1:25: '"And God saw that it was good."'
• It was perfect in every way, for God does not make any mistakes.
• ALTERNATIVE WAYS IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

  • Tradition
  • Logic
  • Consulting Authorities
  • Trial and Error
  • Experience
• Tradition


  Not validated or too sensitive to be validated. More often associated with religion.
• Logic


  • General → Specific Case :Deductive
  • Inductive: General ← Specific Case
  • Precursor of science
  • Needs valid premises for a solution to be thought of
  • False premises will lead to a FALLACY
• Consulting Authorities


  The solutions given by authorities are influenced by their personal biases
• Trial and Error


  • Science uses trial and error hoping to get the solution by chance
  • High element of chance or uncertainty
  • The solution may take some time to be discovered
• Experience


  • Case specific
  • The solution based on experience may not work in a different time or situation
  • Science moves from a specific case to something that can be generalized
• Experience


  • Johnson & Johnson Restarts COVID-19 Vaccine Trials in Europe
  • Philippines approves trials for Janssen's COVID-19 vaccine