PERDEV

• Brain


  Main organ of the nervous system, controls all bodily activities and interprets inputs from the outside world
• Brain


  • Made up of billions of neurons that form circuits and networks, which control the flow and information within nervous system
• What the brain controls


  • Intelligence
  • Creativity
  • Emotions
  • Memories
• Cerebrum


  Largest part of the brain, composed of right and left hemisphere, interprets touch, vision, and hearing, responsible for speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and small body movements

  
• Cerebellum


  Located under the cerebrum, coordinates muscle movements and maintains composure and balance
• Brain stem


  Acts as "relay center" between the brain and the spinal cord, responsible for automatic functioning such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing
• Four lobes of the cerebrum


  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
• Frontal lobe


  Largest lobe, responsible for personality, behavior, judgement, planning, problem solving, intelligence, speech, and body movement
• Parietal lobe


  Interprets language and words, aids visual recognition and spatial relationships, involved in pain and touch perception
• Occipital lobe


  Involved in vision and movement
• Temporal lobe


  Responsible for short-term memory, speaking, musical rhythm, and some degree of smell identification
• Limbic system


  Group of brain structures that help with emotions, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction (smelling)
• Structures of the limbic system


  • Helps in learning, memory, navigation, and spatial perception
  • Linked to brain's reward system, stress, and "fight or flight" reaction
  • Sits above pituitary gland and transmits chemical messages to control its functions
  • Helps regulate emotion, behavior, pain, and autonomic motor functions
• Importance of cerebrum and limbic system


  Cerebrum plays important role in thinking, limbic system has to do with emotions, which shape reactions and define personality
• Left brain


  Logic, sequencing, language, rational thinking, mathematics, facts, thinking in words
• Right brain


  Imagination, holistic thinking, intuition, arts, rhythm, nonverbal cues, feelings, visualization, daydreaming
• The two hemispheres of the brain function are crucial to understanding personality, recognizing left and right brain processes helps adjust study habits
• Mind mapping


  Powerful graphic technique that provides a universal key to unlock the brain's potential, uses all brain skills - word, image, number, logic, rhythm, color, and spatial awareness
• Uses of mind mapping


  • Taking notes
  • Brainstorming
  • Presenting information
  • Boosting creativity
  • Planning
  • Research preparation
  • Reviewing a lesson
• Mind mapping has numerous benefits such as improving ability to learn meaningfully, helping memorization and information retention, making complex things easier to understand, and increasing productivity and creativity
• Steps in mind mapping

  1. Start with main idea/subject and write it at center

  2. Add branches for subtopics/themes

  3. Color code branches and subtopics

  4. Include images, icons, and visual aspects
• Mind mapping for left-brain vs right-brain dominant individuals

  Left-brain: topics linked to language, logic, arithmetic, reasoning

  Right-brain: creativity, emotions, colors, images

  
• Mental health


  Characterized by emotional well-being, coping with stress and everyday obstacles, the absence of mental illnesses, and the capability to establish positive relationships
• According to the World Health Organization (2020), half of all mental health problems begin at the age of 14
• Mental health problems during adolescence

  • May arise due to overwhelming situations and various emotional responses to different challenges
  • Often undiagnosed and untreated
• Depression


  The most prominent mood disorder that affects teenagers around the world
• Improving during adolescence


  • Self-esteem
  • Social skills
  • Resiliency
• Inaction on mental health issues has long-term effects on a person's physical and mental health
• Good mental health


  Leads to a positive self-image that can result in fulfilling relationships with other people
• Psychological well-being


  Refers to positive relationships with not just others but also personal matters and purpose, it also involves healthy mental health, life satisfaction, and stress management
• Thinking positively makes you emotionally better and as you establish meaningful relationships you have better social well-being
• According to UNICEF (2019), 1 out of 7 adolescents has a mental disorder, as adolescents are more susceptible to mental health problems due to the physical, emotional, and social changes they undergo
• Mental health issues may be treated if diagnosed and patients go through rehabilitative measures such as pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy
• Depression


  A kind of mood disorder characterized by feelings of deep sadness and hopelessness which may lead to a loss of interest in previously loved activities
• Symptoms of Depression


  • Primary symptoms: Moodiness
  • Secondary symptoms: Loss of interest or pleasure, Diminish interest in things, Significant weight loss or weight gain, Insomnia or hypersomnia, Psychomotor agitation or retardation, Fatigue or loss of energy, Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, Diminish ability to think or concentrate, Suicidal thoughts
• Eating disorders


  Characterized by severe and persistent disruption in eating behaviors that is accompanied by distressing thoughts and emotions which may impair physical, psychological, and social functioning
• Types of Eating Disorders

  • Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder
• Bipolar disorder


  A mood disorder that is characterized by significant mood swings — emotional highs and lows and periods of depression
• Anxiety disorders


  A mood disorder characterized by feelings of fear and uneasiness during certain situations that may worsen over time and can affect a person's daily life
• Anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental illness as it affects 30% of adults at some point in their lives