LAB QUIZ TOM

• Pathogenic bacteria is the bacteria that can cause disease.​
• Susceptibility is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure.
• Pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. 
• Pathology is the study of disease​
• Etiology is the Cause of disease; often microbial​
• Pathogenesis:  development of disease in the host
• Disease:  altered state of health
• Epidemiology:  Science of the study of how diseases are acquired and spread in a population
• • Infectious disease - a disease caused by an organism or virus that enters and multiplies within the human body.​
• Toxins - A poison given off by some bacteria
• • Virus -The smallest type of pathogen​
• • Bacteria - Simple, single-celled microorganisms​
• • Microorganisms- An organism that is so small it can only be seen through a microscope.​
• • Immunogenicity –the ability to induce an immune response in the host​
• • Infectivity – the ability to infect a host​
• • Virulence- The ability of an agent of infection to produce disease. ​
• Host - an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives.​
• Diagnosis - the art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms​
• • Mode of transmission -is the route or method of transfer by which the infectious microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another to reach the new host.​
• • The modes (means) of transmission are: Contact (direct and/or indirect), Droplet, Airborne, Vector and Common Vehicle. ​
• date: 1865 - Disease of Silkworms​
• Loius Pasteur accepted a task to investigate a disease of the silkworm that was ravaging France’s silk industry
• Giardiasis is a disease caused by infection with the protozoan Giardia lamblia.
• Infection with Giardia can produce diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain in some people.​
• • Giardia lamblia was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek (1681) who found the parasite in his own {diarrheal} stools. ​
• Infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most stomach ulcers
• • Dr. Barry James Marshall - received Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine ​
• barry marshall discovered Helicobacter pylori
• Landsteiner and Popper , announced that the infectious agent in polio was a virus.​
• Thomas Peebles Isolates the Measles Virus​
• Immunodeficiency virus

  The discovery of the virus was announced in by Dr. Gallo
• shapes of bacteria

  • Bacillus (rod)​
  • Spirillum (spiral)​​
  • Coccus (sphere)​
• Straight chains of bacteria are referred to as strepto
• Two cells of bacteria are called diplo
• A cluster of bacterial cells is known as staphylo
• gram stain developed by the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram 
• 2 groups of gram stain

  • gram positive
  • gram negative
• pastuer discovered pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood
• pastuer suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement.
• Carlos Finlay presented the paper “The Mosquito Hypothetically Considered as the Transmitting Agent of Yellow Fever”