skull and facial bones

• What is the inner surface of the skull?

  endocranial surface
• What does the endocranial surface of the skull base consist of?

  cranial cavity on which the brain sits
• four bones that form the skull base?


  frontal bonesphenoid bonetemporal boneoccipital bone
• What are the three regions of the inner surface of the skull base?

  anterior cranial fossamiddle cranial fossaposterior cranial fossa
• What is the anterior cranial fossa limited by anteriorly?

  the frontal bone and the posterior wall of the frontal sinus
• What is the anterior cranial fossa limited by posteriorly?


  the margin of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
• Which three bones is the anterior cranial fossa formed of?

  ethmoid bonesphenoid bonefrontal bone
• What is the lateral aspect of the anterior cranial fossa formed of?

  roof of the orbits
• What forms the median portion of the anterior cranial fossa?

  the crista galli, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and the sphenoid bone
• Which bones form the middle cranial fossa?

  Sphenoid, parietal and temporal bones
• What is the middle cranial fossa limited by anteriorly?

  lesser wings of the sphenoid bones
• What is the middle cranial fossa limited by posteriorly?


  petrous temporal bones
• Which bones form the posterior cranial fossa?

  occipital bones
• How is the posterior cranial fossa limited anteriorly?

  by the posterior walls of the petrous bones
• How is the posterior cranial fossa limited anteriorly?

  by the posterior walls of the petrous bones
• How is the posterior cranial fossa limited posteriorly?

  by the grooves of the transverse sinuses
• What is the outer surface of the skull?

  extracranial surface
• Which three bones form the anterior part of the extracranial surface of the skull?

  zygomatic bonemaxillary bonepalatine bone
• Which bones form the remainder of the extracranial surface of the skull?

  occipital bonetemporal bonessphenoid bones
• What are the 14 facial bones?

  2 nasal2 maxillae2 zygomatic2 lacrimal2 palatine2 inferior nasal conchaethe vomerthe mandible
• Which bones form the bridge of the nose?

  nasal bones
• Which bones unite to form the upper jaw?

  the maxillae
• What is the function of the maxillae related to the nasal cavity?

  they forms the floor of the nasal cavity and hard palate which separates the oral and nasal cavities
• What is the function of the maxillae related to the sinuses?

  They contain the maxillary sinuses and provide sockets for the upper teeth
• What is the function of the maxillae related to the eyes?

  They house the inferior orbital foramen which transmits nerves and blood vessels
• What do the zygomatic bones form?

  Part of the floor of the orbit and commonly known as the cheekbones
• What do the zygomatic bones articulate with?

  frontal, temporal, sphenoid and maxillae bones
• Where are the lacrimal bones located?

  posterior and lateral to the nasal bones
• What do the lacrimal bones form?

  they form the medial wall of orbit and contains lacrimal fossa
• What is the lacrimal fossa?

  a depression that houses the lacrimal sac - which gathers tears to pass into nasal cavity
• What do the palatine bones form?


  the posterior part of the hard palate, partial lateral wall of the nasal cavity and a small part of the orbital floor
• What shape are the inferior nasal conchae?

  scroll shaped
• What do the inferior nasal conchae form?

  part of the lateral walls of nasal cavity
• Where are the inferior nasal conchae located?

  below the ethmoid bone
• What is the vomer bone?

  triangular-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal septum
• What does the vomer bone articulate with?

  perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (superiorly)maxillae and palatine bones (inferiorly)
• features of the mandible bone?

  its the largest and strongest moveable facial boneit has a curved horizontal body and 2 perpendicular rami
• What is the angle of the mandible?

  Where the ramus and the body comes togethe
• Features of the rami of the mandible?

  Each ramus has an articular process called the mandibular condyle, which articulates with temporal bone forming temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ)there is also an anterior coronoid process
• What is the mandibular notch?

  u-shaped arch between the condylar process and coronoid process