World War

• World War I


  Also known as the "Great War", a global conflict that took place in 1914-1918 involving most of the nations of Europe, Russia, the U.S., the Middle East, and other regions
• M.A.N.I.A. - Causes of World War 1

  • Militarism
  • Alliances
  • Nationalism
  • Ideologies
  • Assassination
• Militarism


  • The belief or desire of a nation to maintain a strong military force, causing nations to strengthen large armies due to growing tension
• Alliances


  • Created pacts for nations to support and defend each other's territory, such as the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
• Nationalism


  • Deep devotion to one's nation, the shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation-state
• Ideologies


  • The socialist labor movement caused violence due to unfair labor practices
• Assassination


  • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by the Black Hand terrorist organization and Serb Gavrilo Princip
• The assassination angered the Austrians


  They formed riots in Sarajevo and killed many ethnic Serbs
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia


  Germany supported Austria-Hungary, Russia supported Serbia
• The Schlieffen Plan


  • Sending 75% of German armies to attack France first, then together attack Russia
• Trench Warfare was a common military tactic in World War I
• Russia vs Soviet Union

  The Russian Army during World War I was not formally trained, lacked adequate weaponry, food, medical needs, and transportation. Tsar Nicholas II was the last Russian emperor, later executed due to incompetence.
• The Russian Revolution


  1. The Russians demanded 'Peace and Bread' and the dissolution of the Tsar government

  2. Soviets and Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, formed their own armies and led to civil wars

  3. The Bolshevik Revolution - Lenin and the Bolsheviks revolted and overthrew the provisional government, forming the U.S.S.R.
• Communism


  A political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of the natural resources of a society
• Involvement of the United States of America

  1. August 1914 - US remained neutral

  2. May 1915 - Germans attacked American and British ships

  3. Zimmerman Telegram promised Mexico an alliance against Allied powers

  4. April 2, 1917 - US declared war on Germany
• German government signed an armistice agreement, officially ending World War I


  November 11, 1918 at 11:00 am
• Treaty of Versailles


  • Germany and Austria-Hungary to pay $33 billion in war reparations, German colonies granted to other nations
• League of Nations


  • An international peacekeeping organization that aimed to prevent wars by reducing military, promoting collective security, and settling disputes through diplomacy, composed of 42 nations excluding the US
• March 15 


  Tsar stepped down, ending the 300-year old Romanov Dynasty
• Global conflict known as World War 2


  1939 to 1945

  
• Opposing military alliances in World War 2

  • The Allies
  • The Axis Powers
• Results of World War 1

  • Signing of the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)
  • Establishment of the League of Nations (January 25, 1919)
  • Communism rose in Russia (Soviet Union)
• Members of the Triple Alliance

  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Austria-Hungary
• Members of the Triple Entente

  • Great Britain
  • France
  • Russia
• Causes of the Second World War

  • Nationalism
  • Waning democracy
  • Alliances
• Fascism


  A system of hyper nationalist government where a dictator absolutely controls the lives of the citizens
• Benito Mussolini introduced Fascism as Prime Minister
• The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party)
• Mein Kampf - the book of Hitler where he outlined his ideals of his form of government based on Social Darwinism (1933)
• 1924 - Lenin died and Joseph Stalin became a dictator
• Five-Year Plan Project transforming USSR into an economic powerhouse
• German forces invaded Poland


  September 1, 1939
• France and Great Britain officially declared war against Germany

  September 3, 1939
• German Invasion to Poland


  September 1, 1939
• Soviets invaded the East of Poland under the Nazi-Soviet Pact


  September 17, 1939
• Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)


  A war tactic by the Nazis which is a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air support

  
• Axis Power European Invasion


  June 10, 1939
• Axis Power European Invasion


  June 14, 1939
• Vichy France - a puppet state established by Germany in France
• P.M. Winston Churchill - called the Britain to 'never surrender by blood, sweat, and tears'