ENGLISH - Prelim

• Academic writing is conventional and adheres to formats and standards in presenting information.
• Creative writing is humanistic in that it allows for creative expression or aesthetics.
• Academic writing is sometimes called technical writing.
• Creative writing is also known as literary writing.
• Academic writing aims to inform or persuade their readers to do some action upon reading the technical document.
• Creative writing has more freedom when it comes to language use.
• Creative writing aims to entertain, inspire, or evoke emotions from its audience.
• Academic writing follows strict rules on grammar, punctuation, spelling, and vocabulary.
• Academic writing uses formal tone while creative writing can be written using an informal tone.
• Creative writing uses figurative language such as metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, etc.
• Creative writing does not follow strict rules on grammar, punctuation, spelling, and syntax.
• Academic writing follows strict rules on grammar, punctuation, spelling, and syntax.
• Academic writing uses formal tone and style while creative writing can be written using an informal tone and style.
• Truth is the quality of being honest and not containing or telling any lie.
• Accuracy is the fact being correct or information or results conform to the correct value or standards. Exact or the degree of the information.
• Information Disorder is the sharing or developing of false information with or without the intent of harming and they are categorized as misinformation, disinformation, and malformation.
• Disinformation is a false or misleading information spread to deceive or cause harm. It can appear as fabricated or deliberately manipulated audio/ visual content, intentionally created conspiracy theories or rumors spread to harm or cause distrust.
• Misinformation is a false or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive.
• Mal-information: it is a deliberate publication of private information for personal, corporate, or political, rather than public interest, such as revenge or leaking certain information hacked to damage someone’s reputation.

   
•  SOAPSTone Method – a method that can be used to determine the truthfulness and accuracy of the materials viewed.
• S – Speaker  :O – Occasion:

  A – Audience :

  P – Purpose :

  S – Subject :
• The speaker refers to the person who communicates the message through words, images, sounds, etc. The occasion refers to the time when the communication was made. The audience refers to those people who receive the message from the speaker. The purpose refers to what the speaker wants to achieve by sending the message. The subject refers to the main idea or theme of the message.
• Settings - It is an element of a short story that tells where and when the story took place.
• Theme - It is an element of a short story that refers to the central idea or belief of the whole text.
• 1.  Satire or Parody - No intention to cause harm but has the potential to fool.
• 2.  False Connection - When headlines, visuals, or captions don’t support the content.
• 3. Misleading Content - Misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual. It’s about cropping

  photos, or choosing quotes or statistics selectively to support an argument. 
• 4. False Context - When genuine content is shared with false contextual information. Most of the time

  happen when old news is re-shared as new.
• 5. Imposter Content - When genuine sources are impersonated. This form of disinformation takes advantage of

  the trust you may have in a specific organization, person, brand, etc. Many phishing and smishing (phishing of

  mobile phones via messages) attempts are created this way.
• 6. Manipulated Content - When genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive.
• 7. Fabricated Content - New content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm.
• Conflict in a story is a struggle between opposing forces. Characters must act to confront those forces and

  that is where conflict is born. If there is nothing to overcome, there is no story. Conflict in a story creates and

  drives the plot forward. 
• 1. Internal conflict is when a character struggles with their opposing desires or beliefs. It

  happens within them, and it drives their development as a character.
• 2. External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control. External forces

  stand in the way of a character’s motivation
• 1. Character vs. Self

  Person against self is a common secondary conflict in much fiction. It is not uncommon for a protagonist to be

  struggling with some aspect of themselves. The character might be struggling with fear, a difficult past, an

  addiction, or a tendency to keep choosing the wrong relationships.
• 2. Character vs. Character

  In a person-against-person conflict, the two people who are in conflict may be on opposite sides of an issue,

  but there may be no clear right or wrong, or both sides may believe themselves to be in the right. This can

  make for complex and challenging storytelling.. A character conflict can be depicted as a straightforward fist

  fight, or as intricate and nuanced as the ongoing struggle for power.
• 3. Character vs. Nature

  In a nature conflict, a character is set in opposition to nature. This can mean the weather, the wilderness, or

  a natural disaster.
• 4. Character vs. Supernatural

  Pitting characters against phenomena like ghosts, gods, or monsters raises the stakes of a conflict by

  creating an unequal playing field. Supernatural conflict also covers characters, who have a fate or destiny

  and struggle to accept the sacrifices that come along with it.
• 5. Character vs. Technology

  In this case, a character conflicts with some kind of technology. this is not a theme that is strictly for the

  science fiction genre. A thriller might deal with a protagonist who is struggling to contain a piece of rogue

  technology or cyber-attacks. Protagonists might have to pilot a crippled plane or survive a submarine

  explosion.
• 6. Character vs. Society

  A character vs. society conflict is an external conflict that occurs in literature when the protagonist is placed

  in opposition with society, the government, or a cultural tradition or societal norm of some kind. Characters