cphm

• Health


  A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health promotion


  Process of enabling people to increase control over the determinant of health and thereby improve their health
• WHO, 1948: 'Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'
• WHO, 1998: 'Health is a process of enabling people to increase control over the determinant of health and thereby improve their health'
• Ottawa Charter Change for Health Promotion, 1986: 'Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. It is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.'
• Population Risk Continuum for Addressing Health Issues

  • High risk
  • Increased risk
  • Moderate risk
  • Low risk
  • Optimal health

  
• Levels of Prevention


  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
• Incidence


  The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a population over a specific period of time
• Prevalence


  The total number of cases of a disease or condition in a population at a specific point in time
• Health Education Philosophies


  • Cognitive Approaches
  • Changing Behavior
  • Freeing/Functioning
  • Social Change

  
• Health Promotion Actions


  • Build Healthy Public Policy
  • Create Supportive Environments
  • Strengthen Community Actions
  • Develop Personal Skills
  • Reorient Health Services

  
• Health literacy


  The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

  
• Nutbeam's Levels of Literacy

  • Basic/Functional Literacy
  • Communicative/Interactive Literacy
  • Critical Literacy
• Public Health


  The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
• Difference between Public Health and Clinical Medicine

  Public Health focuses on prevention rather than cure, utilizes broad measures to protect large populations and communities not just individual patients, and does not rely on specific body of knowledge or expertise but on a combination of science and social approaches

  
• Determinants of Health


  • Socioeconomic factors
  • Physical environment
  • Health behaviors
  • Access to quality health care
• Primary Health Care


  Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community or the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self determination

  
• Four Pillars in Primary Health Care

  • Community participation
  • Inter-sectoral coordination
  • Appropriate technology
  • Support mechanism made available

  
• Levels of Health Care Facilities

  • Primary Health Care Facilities
  • Secondary Health Care Facilities
  • Tertiary Health Care Facilities

  
• Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

  • Village of Grassroot Health Workers
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers
  • First Line Hospital Personnel
• Universal Health Care


  Ensures that all people have access to needed promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship
• Dimensions of Universal Health Care Coverage

  • Population coverage
  • Service coverage
  • Financial Coverage

  
• Types of Health Workers

  • Volunteers or traditional birth attendants
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers
  • First Line Hospital Personnel
• Intermediate Level Health Workers

  • First source; provide support
  • Attends to health problems
  • Medical practitioners, nurses, midwives
• First Line Hospital Personnel

  • Establish close contact; back up health services
  • Physician with specialty, nurses, dentists, pharmacists and other health professionals
• Major dimensions of coverage in Universal Health Care

  • Population coverage
  • Service coverage
  • Financial Coverage

  
• Population coverage


  All Filipinos are automatically included in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
• Service coverage


  Health care packages (population-based / individual based)

  
• Types and Composition of Health Care Provider Networks

  • Public – Provide-wide or City-wide Health System
  • Private
  • Mix

  
• Contributors to the National Health Insurance Program

  • Direct contributors
  • Indirect contributors
• Direct contributors


  Members with capacity to pay premiums, or those gainfully employed or self-earning professionals or workers
• Indirect contributors


  Those whose PhilHealth premiums are subsidized by the government
• Health Care Provider Networks (HCPNs)


  • Composed of primary care provider networks (PCPNs) that serve as the initial point of contact and navigator of patients
  • Hospitals that deliver secondary and tertiary general health care services

  
• Primary Care Policy Framework

  • Primary Health Care Approach
  • People Centered Approach
  • Equity and Fairness

  
• Individual-based Health Services


  • Outpatient Benefit Packages and other Special Benefits
  • Primary Care Benefit Package (Konsulta Package)
  • Inpatient Benefit Packages
  • Z Benefit Packages
• Population-based Health Services


  • Health Promotion
  • Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance
  • Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Health

  
• Overview of Health Program Planning

  1. Preparatory Phase

  2. Planning Phase

  3. Output
• Program


  A series of coordinated related multiple projects that over extended time intended to achieve a goal
• Project


  • Has an established and specific objective
  • Has a defined life span with a beginning and an end
  • Usually the involvement of several departments and professionals
  • Has specific time, cost performance requirements
• Major steps in Planning, Sustaining and Evaluating a Health Promotion Project


  1. Identify the issues or health problems in the community

  2. Prioritize the issues or health problems to identify the one that the project will address

  3. Identify risk factors and set the goal for the project

  4. Determine contributing factors and state objectives for the project

  5. Determine what strategies will be

  6. Develop the action plan for the project

  7. Sustain the project or keep the project (or some parts of it) going

  8. Evaluate the project