prefinals in eng23

• Listening


  Listening is important to effect successful interaction and to share equal responsibility in achieving effective communication
• Whatever purpose you have - you listen to follow directions, to obtain knowledge, to arrive at decisions, to evaluate information or to show appreciation
• Listening


  • It is a rare skill and a delicate art
  • It requires a deep involvement with the speaker
  • It should be logical and analytical
  • There has to be a meaningful rapport in mind and spirit for it to be a meaningful dialogue
  • It should be creative
• Barriers to effective listening

  • Extrinsic/External noises (hot or dry, speaker's style, noisy seatmates, message overload, uncomfortable chair, listening only for facts, old air conditioner, poor motivation of the speaker)
  • Intrinsic/Internal noises (feeling of pain or hunger, poor hearing, family problem, attitude toward the speaker, financial problem, poor comprehension, sleeplessness, beliefs, boredom, eagerness to talk)
• Developing efficient listening habits

  • Concentrate on the task of listening
  • Guard against prejudices
  • Do not criticize the speaker
  • Avoid emotional reactions
  • Focus on main idea
  • Take down notes
• Listening exercise: The teacher will narrate a conversation between a man and a woman. After the teacher had narrated the conversation, he will ask questions to check if you fully comprehended the conversation
• Intrapersonal communication


  The internal use of language or thought occurring in the mind of an individual
• Interpersonal communication


  Communication between two persons
• Phatic communication


  Communicating with others to ensure mutual well being
• Telephone conversation


  Communication with the use of telephone
• Conversation A


  • Mila: Hello.

  Edna: Who's this?

  Mila: Identify yourself, you're the caller.

  Edna: Well, this is Edna. Can I talk to Aunt Cynthia?

  Mila: She's not here. Call again later.

  Edna: Where is she.

  Mila: She went out.

  Edna: When she comes back tell her to meet me at the Marian Center.

  Mila: Okay.
• Conversation B

  • Mila: Hello.

  Edna: Good morning. This is Edna. May I know who I'm talking to?

  Mila: Oh, Edna, this is Mila. What can I do for you?

  Edna; Mila, may I talk to Aunt Cynthia, please?

  Mila: I'm sorry, but she's not around at the moment. She went to the grocery store to get some ingredients for her new recipe. Would you like to leave a message?

  Edna: Please tell Aunt Cynthia to meet me at the Marian Center at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

  Mila: Marian Center?

  Edna: Yes, beside the Saint Vincent de Paul Parish Church on San Marcelino Street.

  Mila: All right, I'll tell her when she comes back.

  Edna: Thank you very much Milla, goodbye.

  Mila: You're welcome. Bye bye.
• Telephone ethics


  • Say "Hello" carefully
  • The caller should identify himself first
  • Use polite words such as may, please, thank you, You are welcome, and goodbye
• Placing a call


  • As soon as the called party answers, identify yourself
  • If the person you wish to talk to is not available, ask what time you might call him again, or request a return call
• Receiving a call


  • Answer call promptly and pleasantly
  • In an office, identify the office right away
  • If the caller does not identify himself, ask politely
  • If you answer a call for someone who is not available, tell the caller at what time he would call his party again
• Guidelines for preparing for an interview

  • Know your interviewee's position, accomplishments, and interests before meeting him
  • Know the topic on which the interview is to be conducted
  • Make an appointment by letter, by phone or personally
  • Arrange time and place convenient to the interviewee
  • Prepare questions that are thought-provoking and timely
  • Avoid embarrassing and yes-no questions
• Points to observe during an interview

  • Be on time for the interview
  • Introduce yourself and pronounce the interviewee's name correctly
  • Be courteous and pleasant when asking questions
  • Be interested in what the interviewee says
  • Never argue with the interviewee
  • Thank the interviewee and extend him your goodwill
• Small group communication


  Face-to-face communication among a small group of people who share a common purpose or goal, feel a sense of belonging to a group, and exert influence upon one another
• Types of small group discussion

  • Idea-generation group (to generate ideas)
  • Personal growth groups (to help others cope with particular problems or change certain aspects of one's personality or behavior)
  • Encounter group (to facilitate personal growth and ability to deal effectively with other people)
  • Assertiveness training group (to increase the willingness of its members to act more assertively for their rights in a variety of situations)
  • Consciousness raising group (to help people cope with the problems of society)
• Public communication


  A type of communication in which one or more people communicate with an audience. It includes oral interpretation of literature, drama, and public speaking.
• Characteristics of formal group discussion

  • It is presented before an audience
  • The topic is specific and determined by the needs or interest of the audience
  • Each participant is required to make a research on the topic and have facts on hand
  • A chairperson leads on the discussion
  • The exchange of ideas and information is designed to inform the audience

  
• Formats for group discussion

  • Panel discussion (the panel consists of three to seven authoritative speakers carrying on a purposeful discussion on a specific topic for the benefit of the audience. The moderator introduces the panel and the problem, keeps the discussion flowing, and controls equal and fair time allotment.)

  When participating in a panel discussion, observe the following reminders:

  • Find out who the other panel members are and what organizations they represent
  • Obtain an agenda for the discussion so that you may have an idea of what issues the panel will address
  • Participate actively while sharing the floor with others
  • Listen to others attentively and if you need to interrupt do so politely and tactfully

  
• listening is a rare skill and a delicate art
• The technique of listening call for a deep involvement with the speaker.
• You listen LOGICALLY and ANALYTICALLY
• There are has to be a meaningful rapport in mind and spirit for it to be a meaningful dialogue.
• This is how LISTENING graduates from mere HEARING.
• EXTRINSIC or EXTERNAL NOISES - these are sensory stimuli which draw people away from intended meaning.
• INTRINSIC or INTERNAL NOISES - these are the thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning.
• 1 PHATIC COMMUNICATION - communicating with others to ensure mutual well being.
• INTERVIEW - is considered a special form of dyadic communication.
• SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION - otherwise known as informal discussion, arises whenever there is an immediate decision to make.
• Beebe and Masterson define this type of communication as “face-to-face communication among a small group of people who share a common purpose or goal, feel a sense of belonging to a group, and exert influence upon one another.”
• IDEA-GENERATION GROUP. This group exists solely to generate ideas. (brainstorming)
• PERSONAL GROWTH GROUPS. These groups aim to help others cope with particular problems or change certain aspects of one’s personality or behavior.
• ENCOUNTER GROUP - tries to facilitate personal growth and ability to deal effectively with other people.
• ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING GROUP - aims to increase the willingness of its members to act more assertively for their rights in a variety of situations
• CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING GROUP - helps people cope with the problems of society.
• PUBLIC COMMUNICATION - is a type of communication in which one or more people communicate with an audience. It It includes oral interpretation of literature, drama, and public speaking
• Nineteenth century - elocution