Respiration

• Define the term cellular respiration.

  An exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in the mitochondria of living cells to release energy from glucose.
• What do organisms need energy for?

  Chemical reactions to build larger molecules.

  Muscle contraction for movement.

  Keeping warm.
• What is the difference between aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic respiration does not.
• Write the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration.

  glucose -> lactic acid
• Give the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration.

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O.
• Why does aerobic respiration release more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration?

  Oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration.
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  Fermentation.
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.

  Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide.
• How does the body supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?

  Heart rate, breathing rate, and breath volume increasing.
• What substance builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid.
• What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?

  Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting effectively.
• What is oxygen debt?

  Amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells.
• How is lactic acid removed from the body?

  Lactic acids in muscles -> blood transports to the liver -> lactic acid converted back to glucose.
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.