Counseling Process And Method

• Six stages of the counseling process -

  • STAGE 1 : Relationship building
  • STAGE 2: Assessment and diagnosis
  • STAGE 3: Formulation of the counseling goals
  • STAGE 4: Intervention and problem solving
  • STAGE 5: Termination and follow-up
  • STAGE 6: Research and evaluation
• STAGE : 1 RELATIONSHIP BUILDING - This is the heart of counselling process because it provides the force and foundation for the counselling to succeed.
• STAGE 1 : RELATIONSHIP BUILDING - This stage involves establishing rapport
• STAGE : RELATIONSHIP BUILDING

  • promote acceptance of the client as a person with worth
  • establishing genuine interaction
  • promote direct mutual communication
  • helping clients understand themselves
  • helping client focus
  • slowly promote counseling relevant communication, from the client
• STAGE 2 : ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - one of the most crucial stages
• STAGE 2 : ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - This serves as the window for the counsellor to have a thorough appreciation of the client’s condition.
• STAGE 2 : ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - It entails analysis of the root causes of problems.
• STAGE 2 : ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - The data that will be gathered in diagnosis will be utilized in the formulation of goals.
• STAGE 3 : FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS - Goals are important as it sets the direction of the counselling process.
• STAGE 3 : FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS - It shall serve as the parameter of work and the client-counsellor relationship.
• STAGE 3 : FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS - Counselling goals may be treated as a process goal or outcome goal.
• STAGE 3 : FORMULATION OF COUNSELING GOALS - The client and counsellor must agree on the counselling goals.
• STAGE 4 : INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING -

  GUIDELINES :

  • The counselor has to provide a mapping of the different approaches offered.
  • Describe the role of the counselor and client for each procedure.
  • Identify possible risks and benefits that may come.
  • Estimate the time and cost of each procedure.
• STAGE 4 : INTERVENTION AND PROBLEM SOLVING -

  Kafner and Busemeyer identified the six-stage model for problem solving -

  • Problem detection
  • Problem definition
  • Identification of alternative solutions
  • Decision-making
  • Execution
  • Verification
• STAGE 5 : TERMINATION AND FOLLOW-UP - The essential goal in counselling is to witness a client progress on his/her own without the assistance of the counselor.
• STAGE 5 : TERMINATION AND FOLLOW-UP -

  There are four components of termination which were identified by Quintan and Holahan -

  • Discussion of the end of counselling
  • Review of the course of counselling
  • Closure of the counsellor-client relationship
  • Discussion of the client’s future and post-counselling plan
• STAGE 6 : RESEARCH AND EVALUATION - This stage can be undertaken at any point in the counselling stage.
• STAGE 6 : RESEARCH AND EVALUATION - Research and evaluation are fundamental part of the evaluation.
• STAGE 6 : RESEARCH AND EVALUATION - Results of the research provide a scientific appreciation of the counselling situation.
• EXPERIENTIAL THEORIES - It falls under the affective theories which are concerned about generating impact on the emotions of clients to effect change.
• The well-known experiential theorists include Rogers and Perls
• ROGER'S PERSON-CENTERED COUNSELING has been described as the “if-then” approach.
• The Roger's Person-Centered Theory has been described as “if-then” approach because this approach considers that if certain conditions exist in the counseling relationship, then the client will move toward self actualization.
• The following conditions were formulated by Rogers -

  • Counselor Congruence
  • Empathic Understanding
  • Unconditional Positive Regard
• Counselor Congruence implies that the counselors must be congruent with what they experience and what they communicate.
• Empathetic understanding implies that the counselors must attempt to understand the client from the client’s perspective frame of reference.
• Unconditional Positive Regard implies that it is vital for the counselors to a sense of acceptance and respect to the client. It does not mean accepting and tolerating anything about the client’s actions or words but to see and consider the client as a person.
• Pearl’s Gestalt Therapy - It focuses on the here and now.
• Pearl's gestalt therapy - It refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client wherein the client experiences from the inside what the therapist observes from the outside.
• Pearl's gestalt therapy - The goal of the approach is awareness on the environment, of responsibility for choices, of self, and self-acceptance.
• Gestalt's technique including the following -

  • Assuming responsibility
  • Using personal pronouns
  • Now I am aware
  • The empty chair technique
• Assuming responsibility method requires the client to rephrase a statement to assume a responsibility. Ask the client to end all the statement with– and I take responsibility for it.
• Using personal pronouns method encourages the clients to take personal responsibility by saying, “I or me” instead of stating in general terms such as “we or us.”
• Now I am aware method is means to assist the clients in getting in touch with her/himself. The counselor may ask the clients to close their eyes to get in touch with inner world and say, “Now I am aware . . . “
• The empty chair technique method can help the clients to work through conflicting parts of personality.

  Technique is done by putting an empty chair in front of the client. The chair of personality that avoids to do what the clients wants to do.