Difficulty communicating

• Communication


  The interactive exchange of information, ideas, feelings, needs, and desires between and among people
• Speech


  The expression of language with sounds or oral production
• Language


  A formalized code used by a group of people to communicate with one another, consisting of grammar and vocabulary that conveys meanings
• Components of Language


  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Semantics
  • Pragmatics
• Phonology


  The smallest unit of sound within a language, refers to the sound system of a language
• Morphology


  The smallest unit of language that has meaning and which are used to combine words
• Syntax


  The system of rules governing the meaningful arrangement of words that includes grammar rules
• Semantics


  Refers to the meanings associated with words and combination of words in a language
• Pragmatics


  The social use of language, knowing what, when, and how to communicate, and use language
• Articulation Disorder


  The social use of language, knowing what, when, and how to communicate, and use language
• Fluency Disorder


  A child is unable to produce a given sound physically
• Fluency Disorder


  • Substitutions
  • Omissions
  • Distortions
  • Additions of speech sounds
• Fluency Disorder


  • "I want a blue lollipop" "I want a boo woωίρορ"
• Phonological Disorder


  A child produces multiple patterns of sound errors with obvious impairment of intelligibility
• Phonological Disorder


  • "That pie is good" "Cat bye is tood"
• Speech Impairments


  • Communication disorders that may affect their self-confidence and student's academic performance
• Fluency Disorder


  Difficulties with the rhythm and timing of speech
• Fluency Disorder


  • "I want a.......banana"
  • "I waaaaant a bbbannnaana"
  • "I want a ba-ba-bana-na"
• Voice Disorder


  Problems with the quality or use of one's voice resulting from disorders of the larynx
• Voice Disorder


  • Excessively hoarse, breathy, or too high-pitched
• Language Disorders


  Persistent difficulties in acquiring the use of language that result from deficits in comprehension that include reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse, that limit a child's functioning
• Expressive Language Disorder


  A child may have limited vocabulary that impacts communication skills or misuses words and phrases in sentences. He/she can able to understand what people says but has trouble in talking or expressing his/her
• Receptive Language Disorder


  A child may have difficulty understanding spoken sentences or following the directions. He/she struggles to understand and process the message and information they receive from others
• Combination Language Disorder


  Some children found to have a combination of receptive and expressive language disorder. Examples of this are students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Rett Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome
• Expressive Language Difficulties


  • Limited vocabulary
  • Incorrect Grammar or Syntax
  • Expressive repetition of information
  • Difficulty in formulating questions
  • Difficulty constructing sentences
• Receptive Language Difficulties


  • Following oral directions
  • Understanding humor or figurative language
  • Comprehending compound and complex sentences
  • Responding to questions appropriately
• Children with communication disorders

  May experience difficulties behavioral like inappropriate behaviors out of frustration to get the attention of others since they struggle to express their needs and ideas
• Teachers and professionals must consider this when working with children with communication disorders and difficulties
• Children with communication disorders are known to have their own strengths and abilities (Gardner, Multiple Intelligences)
• Phonological Awareness and Processing


  Identifies children with difficulty in processing sounds in language as well as hearing segmenting, and identifying phonemes in words
• Overall Language Development and Vocabulary

  Formal tests may be used to measure a child's overall language development and vocabulary
• Assessment of Language Function

  Language is used to serve several functions. This is used to determine how language is used rather than the structure and form or language
• Language Samples and Observation in Natural Settings


  Used to supplement assessment information gathered in clinical settings
• Students' cultural and language context must be considered when assessing a child with difficulty communicating, especially in children who grow up in bilingual environments
• English Language Learners (ELL)

  Different from children diagnosed with communication disorders because ELLs are experts in using their mother tongue but have difficulties in understanding and speaking the English Language, while children diagnosed with communication disorders have difficulties in expressing their feelings and expressions in their own language