Genbio 3rd

• Glial cells - nourish, insulate, and replenish the neurons.
• Endometrium lining - is in the uterus and is rich in blood vessels that pass nutrients and wastes from the embryo to the mother
• Ovarian Cycle - The cyclical production of an egg cell in the ovary. It usually recurs every 28 days
• Apoptosis - During hand development, cells in between fingers are killed through this process.
• Suspension Feeders - Aquatic animals like clams and oysters are this type of feeders. They filter small organisms or food particles from water. 
• Alimentary canal - is a type of digestive tract with two openings. The majority of animals have this type of digestive tract.
• Sphincters help move the food in one direction only.
• The bile from the liver breaks down fats making them accessible for the digestive enzymes in a process called emulsification.
• • Appendix is a finger-like projection of the cecum that contributes minimally to your immune system since it stores some white blood cells.
• Cellular respiration - A process through which the body takes in oxygen to break down sugar from the food we eat, producing energy and by-products.
• Eosinophilic pneumonia - is a group of rare infections that affects your lungs. A type of white blood cell builds up in your lungs and blood, causing inflammation and damage. 
• Hemoglobin

  • This is found in the blood of most vertebrates and invertebrates. It changes color and turns red when carrying oxygen. 
• Closed Circulatory System -It has a fluid called blood. Blood is restricted inside the vessels and is different from the interstitial fluid.
• Plasma - 90% water with different types of molecules in it. These molecules include ions (electrolytes) and organic salts which keep the molecules in the blood and the interstitial fluid in check.
• 1. Basophils - Known for their role in asthma.
• Neutrophils - First to respond to a virus/bacteria.
• Macrophages - Look for cells infected with either bacteria or viruses and phagocytose that consume them.
• Pus - Debris of dead cells. Together with white blood cells, it will die in the wound healing process.
• Adaptive Immunity - mounts defenses against specific pathogens, including those that have been encountered in the past. It works when innate immunity fails and triggers a strong and specific immune response.
• Neutralisation - Masks dangerous parts of the pathogen.
• Precipitation - Makes soluble antigens insoluble, aiding elimination.
• Secondary Immune Response - Starting at the action of memory cells. This phase starts another round of clonal selection and production of effector cells.
• The response is passed on as signals to the effector cells which carry out the response through motor output.
• Neurons 

  • A cell body containing a nucleus and other organelles. It also has extensions that are responsible for passing on signals.
• In between Schwann cells are gaps called Node of Ranvier
• Dendrites - These are extremely branched short extensions that receive information from other neurons and pass it on to the cell body
• Hyperpolarization Phase - A change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization.
• • Activities that generate and conserve energy (“rest and digest”) are controlled by the parasympathetic division, stimulating the digestive organs and increasing sugar production
• Enteric Division - Regulates secretions and the smooth muscle action of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gall bladder.
• Thalamus -Receives sensory input and passes it on to the cerebrum; coordinates motor output passing on to the cerebrum; categorizes data.
• 1. Medulla Oblongata - Regulates breathing, blood circulation, and digestion, including swallowing.
• Parietal lobe - is primarily responsible for receiving and processing sensory input such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.
• liver - has several important functions in maintaining homeostasis. From the blood and lymph vessels in small intestines, the nutrients are sent towards the liver which processes the nutrient-rich blood before sending it back to the heart for distribution. 
• Reabsorption - It occurs during the movement of the digested wastes through the colon.
• Vitamin A -Your vision and immune system rely on this antioxidant to function correctly, as do your heart, lungs, and kidneys.
• Riboflavin, also called vitamin B2, helps convert food into energy and is important in the growth and function of your body’s cells.
• Pantothenic acid, or vitamin B5, helps convert food into energy and helps your body produce and break down fats.
• Essential nutrients - are molecules that our bodies cannot make even if we have enough raw materials.
• Diaphragm - seen below the lungs which aids in ventilation (increasing the flow of air or water in the respiratory area).
• The major organ in the respiratory system is found within your chest area called the thoracic cavity and is protected by the rib cage