sci 3rd

• Designer baby


  A baby in which doctors and parents are theoretically choosing an offspring in terms of desired physical and intellectual characteristics
• Humans


  • Begin their lives as a single cell, that is formed by the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell
• Chromosomes


  Contains genetic information for inherited traits such as skin and hair color
• Human cells


  Contain only half the number of chromosomes of a regular body (somatic) cell
• Sex cell


  A haploid (n) that has 23 chromosomes
• Somatic cell


  A diploid (2n), which means it equates to 46 chromosomes
• Zygote


  The fertilized egg that resulted from the union of the egg and sperm, with 46 chromosomes
• Testes


  • The primary male reproductive organs, responsible for making sperm and producing testosterone
• Sperm production

  1. Testes

  2. Seminiferous tubules

  3. Leydig cells

  4. Testosterone secretion

  5. Sperm cell maturation in epididymis

  
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)


  Stimulates the secretion of testosterone
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)


  Along with testosterone, stimulates the secretion of sperm cells
• Testosterone


  Responsible for developing secondary male characteristics, such as body hair and muscle mass
• Epididymis


  • Stores the sperms for maturation and transports them to the vas deferens
• Vas deferens


  • A long, muscular tube that serves as passageway for sperm after maturation
• Urethra


  • The tube through which sperm cells exit
• Scrotum


  • The bag of skin that holds and protects the testicles
• Penis


  • The male external genital organ that plays a central role in the reproductive and urinary systems
• Sperm cell


  • Tiny, specialized cells responsible for fertilizing the female egg during sexual reproduction
• Parts of a sperm cell

  • Head (contains chromosomes)
  • Midpiece (contains mitochondria)
  • Long tail (responsible for movement)

  
• Semen


  The combined secretion of different glands that nourishes the sperm cells
• Ovaries

  • Female reproductive structure responsible for producing eggs
• Estrogen


  Triggers the development of secondary female characteristics, as well as stimulating egg development
• Menarche


  First discharge of blood, typically at the age of 11-14 years old
• Menopause


  The decline in producing estrogen and progesterone and the end of your periods
• Gestation/Pregnancy


  9 months of development of a fertilized egg
• Female reproductive system

  • Fallopian tube
  • Ovaries
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
• Ovarian cycle


  1. Ovulation (monthly release of ovum)

  2. Follicular phase (egg maturation)

  3. Luteal phase (uterus lining thickening)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)


  Stimulates the release, ovulation in females
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)


  Stimulates the growth of an egg
• Progesterone


  Prepares the endometrium (lining of your uterus) for a fertilized egg to implant and grow
• Corpus luteum


  A yellowish mass of follicular cells that functions like an endocrine gland
• Gonorrhea


  • Caused by a bacterium that invades the vaginal lining and male urethra, resulting in discharge
• Syphilis


  • Caused by a bacterium, may lead to serious complications if not treated immediately, can be transferred to babies (congenital syphilis)
• AIDS


  • Caused by HIV that attacks the immune system, incurable, can be transferred through body fluids
• Genital herpes


  • Caused by a virus, characterized by painful itching lesions and blister-like eruptions
• Endocrine system


  Made up of all the body's different hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers that carry instructions to cells to change their activities
• Gland


  An organ whose cells secrete chemical signals that are delivered to different parts of the body
• Parts of the endocrine system

  • Hypothalamus
  • Pineal gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
  • Placenta
• Endocrine glands


  Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream