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• Main Tasks of

  Hygiene of Children and Adolescents

   Study of anatomical and physiological

  characteristics of children.

   Development of health standards and

  requirements aimed at creating optimal

  conditions for the upbringing, education,

  and training of children and adolescents, as

  well as preserving and strengthening their

  health.
• Age Periodization

   Neonatal period - 0 - 1 month

   early neonatal period - the 1st week

   late neonatal period - 1st week - 28th day

   Infant - 28th day - 1st year

   Toddlers- 1st– 3rd year

   Preschool age - 3rd- 6th years

   School age

   Primary school age - 7th- 10th years

   Secondary school age - 11th- 14th years

   High school age - 15th- 18th years
• Physical Development is:

   A set of morphological and functional

  properties of the body

   Integral indicator of the health of children

   Phenotypic expression of genetic traits

  modified under 
• Monitoring Physical Development

  Allows for:

   Early identification of developmental variations

   Monitoring the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on a child's body

   Prompt intervention for the protection and improvement of child health
• Growth

  Growth signifies the quantitative changes in

  the body, encompassing the increase in cell

  size, mass, and the overall body.
• Development

  Development encompasses qualitative

  changes, indicating tissue and organ

  differentiation.
•  Growth rates оf three types of

  tissues

  Lymphoid, Neural, General
• Factors with a Significant Impact on the

  Health and Early Development of the Child

   1. Poor health status of parents

   2. Low maternal hemoglobin level during pregnancy

   2. Maternal abnormal / unhealthy habits that increase the

  risk of premature birth

   4. Labor conditions of the future mother, which do not

  meet the hygienic norms and increase the risk of

  premature birth

   5. Feeding
• Development in the first years of life

  • Neurons in our brain form new connections at the astounding rate of 700–1,000 per second – a pace never repeated again
  • These connections are the building blocks of a child's future
• If a child is poorly nourished and nurtured, if she isn't stimulated properly and protected from violence


  Her development is seriously affected, sometimes irreversibly
• A child whose brain does not develop properly may not learn as well or earn as much
• Not developing to her full potential hurts both her and society
• The first 1,000 days


  • Have a significant effect on a child's future
  • We have one chance to get it right
• Anthropometry

  Anthropometry- height, weight, head

  circumference, arm circumference, skinfold

  thickness
• Somatoscopy (doctor’s examination) 

  musculoskeletal, body, skin and mucous

  membranes, pubertal development by Tanner
• Indicators of growth

   Morphological – anthropometric-height,

  weight,body circumference (head, chest, arm, waist

  etc).

   Functional - vital capacity of the lungs (vital

  capacity), respiratory difference and muscle strength.

   Physical fitness - running, long jump, ball throwing

  and more.
• 2. Indicators of maturation:

   Growth(Height)

   Bone age

   Dental age

   Puberty
• Physical Capacity

  1. Muscle strength of the left and right hand

  (strength test of finger flexors)

  2. Smooth running (speed test)

  3. Standing long jump (leg muscles test)

  4. Throwing a small ball (test of muscles strength of arms, shoulder

  girdle and back)

  5. Maximum number of squats for 20 seconds (endurance test)

  6. Running 300 meters or sit-ups (endurance test)
• Assessment of Physical Capacity

  Normal- between M and M-1SD

  Under the norm - under M-1SD
• Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years

   Should have at least 60 minutes of moderate to

  vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.

   Physical activity of greater than 60 minutes daily will

  provide additional health benefits.

   Should include activities that strengthen muscle and

  bone, at least 3 times per week.
• Neuropsychological Development

   Methods:

   Screening and assessment questionnaires

   Indicators:

   Emotions and social behavior

   Speech function and communication

   Cognitive functions + sensors (thinking, learning, task performance)

   Motor activity