Paper 1- Buddhism

• Four sights of Siddhartha

  1. Old age- He had never seen old age before and realised this would happen to him and his father too.
  2. Illness- he was disturbed but began to understand illness was a reality of life.
  3. Death- death came to everyone and there was no escape.
  4. Holy man- He felt inspired to be like the holy man. Starting his quest to finding out why people suffer and how to stop it?
• Eightfold path

  Right action- behaving peacefully and ethically

  Right livelihood- having a livelihood that des not harm others

  Right effort- becoming aware of yourself and what is right and wrong
• Three refuges -1st


  Dhamma

  -the teachings and it describes the way things are.

  -This truth was existing before the Buddha came along.

  -Turn to the teachings as a guide for life.
• Three refuges -2nd


  Buddha

  -Provides a role-model for Buddhism

  -If he didn't discover the Dhamma and taught it people would never know how to escape suffering
• Three refuges -3rd


  Sangha

  -the community e.g. the more experienced Buddhas can guide and help less experienced Buddhists.

  -provides support, encouragement and friendship
• Three refuges- QUOTE


  "To the Buddha for refuge I go

  To the Dhamma for refuge I go

  To the Sangha for refuge I go"
• Three marks of existence


  Dukka- suffering

  -7 states of suffering e.g. old age or death
• Dukka

  Types of suffering:

  -Physical or mental suffering e.g. breaking a leg

  -Change, nothing is permanent e.g. moving house

  -Attachment, when people crave and try to hold onto things when they break we will be sad e.g. a phone
• Three marks of existence


  Anicca- impermanence
• Anicca


  3 ways:

  1. Living things e.g. birth then growth then decay then death.
  2. Non-living things e.g. and iron left out in the rain will rust.
  3. Our minds e.g. our thought and feelings change frequently throughout our life's
• Understanding anicca


  Will help long term and allow us to adapt
• Three marks of existence


  Anatta- 'no self'

  -The 'self' is not fixed or permanent
• Anatta


  Five aggregates:

  1. Form (our bodies)
  2. Sensations (our feelings)
  3. Mental formations (our thoughts) Importance as all things are constantly changing therefore there isn't a 'self' as everything is changing.
• Three marks of existence- TEACHING 


  Kisa Gotami

  -Son died.

  -Went to neighbours asking for medicine.

  -One neighbour sent her to the Buddha.

  -Buddha told Kisa to go to every house that HAD NOT experienced death and collect a mustard seed to make medicine for her son.

  -Kisa could not get any as everyone had experienced the death of a loved one.

  -Kisa realised that life was impermanent.