Health and disease

Subdecks (1)

Cards (114)

  • communicable diseases
    Diseases caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one individual to another
  • Pathogens
    Microorganisms that cause diseases
  • three factors that affect health
    Diet, stress, life situation
  • Four types of pathogens
    viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
  • How do bacteria make you ill?
    Reproduce rapidly and damage cells + Produce toxins
  • How do viruses make you ill?
    Live and reproduce inside cells, causing damage
  • How can pathogens be spread?
    Water, air and direct contact
  • State one method to prevent the spread of disease.
    Isolation; Maintain good hygiene; Destroy vectors; Vaccination
  • Name a viral disease that leads to blindness and brain damage.
    Measles
  • How can measles spread?
    droplet infection
  • Name the pathogen that causes AIDS.
    HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
  • How can HIV be spread?
    Sexual contact; Exchange of bodily fluids (shared needles, blood transfusion)
  • How can AIDS be treated?
    Antiretrovial drugs to control (not cure) it
  • Name a viral disease in plants.
    tobacco mosaic virus
  • Describe the appearance of a plant infected with tobacco mosaic virus.
    Mosaic pattern of discoloration on leaves
  • How does tobacco mosaic virus affect a plant's growth?
    Destroy chloroplasts, so reduce photosynthesis
  • How can tobacco mosaic virus be spread
    Direct contact/Vectors
  • Viral diseases can be cured. True or false?
    FALSE
  • Where can Salmonella bacteria be found?
    Raw meat, chicken, eggs
  • State one symptom of Salmonella poisoning.
    Fever/Abdominal cramps/diarrhoea/vomiting
  • Which pathogen causes gonorrhoea?
    bacteria
  • How does gonorrhoea spread?
    sexual contact
  • State a symptom of gonorrhoea.
    Yellow/green discharge from penis/vagina; pain on urination
  • State a long-term effect of gonorrhoea.
    Long-term pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancies
  • How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped?
    Use condom; Limit sexual partners
  • .How can we use Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plants?
    They cause galls --> genetic manipulation
  • How can bacterial diseases be treated?
    antibiotics
  • Name a fungal disease in humans.
    athlete's foot
  • .Which pathogen causes rose black spot?
    Fungi
  • State a symptom of rose black spot.
    Damages leaves
  • .Which pathogen causes malaria.
    protists
  • How is malaria spread?
    By female Anopheles mosquitoes
  • .How does malaria affect the body
    Damages blood and liver cells
  • State a symptom of malaria.
    Fevers, shaking
  • How can the spread of malaria be stopped
    Use mosquito nets; Use insecticides; Remove standing water; Take antimalarial drugs
  • How does your skin act as a defence against pathogen entry?
    Barrier; Antimicrobial secretions; Microorganism layer
  • .How does the trachea defend the body against pathogens?
    Secrete mucus to trap pathogens + Cilia move mucus up the trachea to be removed
  • .How does the stomach defend the body against pathogens?
    Hydrochloric acid destroys microorganisms in mucus/food
  • State the three ways in which white blood cells defend the body.
    Engulf pathogens + Produce antibodies + Produce antitoxins
  • What are antibodies?
    Substances created in the body to attack specific foreign substances called antigens.