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Health and disease
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Health and disease
Biology > Health and disease
56 cards
Cards (114)
communicable diseases
Diseases caused by pathogens that can be
transmitted
from one individual to another
Pathogens
Microorganisms
that cause
diseases
three factors that affect health
Diet
,
stress
, life situation
Four types of pathogens
viruses
,
bacteria
,
parasites,
fungi
How do bacteria make you ill?
Reproduce
rapidly and
damage
cells + Produce
toxins
How do viruses make you ill?
Live
and
reproduce
inside
cells
, causing
damage
How can pathogens be spread?
Water
,
air
and direct contact
State one method to prevent the spread of disease.
Isolation;
Maintain good
hygiene;
Destroy vectors
;
Vaccination
Name a viral disease that leads to blindness and brain damage.
Measles
How can measles spread?
droplet infection
Name the pathogen that causes AIDS.
HIV
(
Human immunodeficiency virus
)
How can HIV be spread?
Sexual contact
; Exchange of bodily fluids (shared needles,
blood transfusion
)
How can AIDS be treated?
Antiretrovial drugs
to
control
(not
cure
) it
Name a viral disease in plants.
tobacco mosaic virus
Describe the appearance of a plant infected with tobacco mosaic virus.
Mosaic
pattern of
discoloration
on leaves
How does tobacco mosaic virus affect a plant's growth?
Destroy
chloroplasts
, so reduce
photosynthesis
How can tobacco mosaic virus be spread
Direct
contact
/
Vectors
Viral diseases can be cured. True or false?
FALSE
Where can Salmonella bacteria be found?
Raw
meat,
chicken
, eggs
State one symptom of Salmonella poisoning.
Fever
/
Abdominal cramps
/diarrhoea/vomiting
Which pathogen causes gonorrhoea?
bacteria
How does gonorrhoea spread?
sexual contact
State a symptom of gonorrhoea.
Yellow/green discharge from penis/vagina;
pain
on
urination
State a long-term effect of gonorrhoea.
Long-term
pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic
pregnancies
How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped?
Use
condom
;
Limit sexual partners
.How can we use Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plants?
They cause
galls
-->
genetic manipulation
How can bacterial diseases be treated?
antibiotics
Name a fungal disease in humans.
athlete's foot
.Which pathogen causes rose black spot?
Fungi
State a symptom of rose black spot.
Damages leaves
.Which pathogen causes malaria.
protists
How is malaria spread?
By female Anopheles
mosquitoes
.How does malaria affect the body
Damages
blood
and
liver
cells
State a symptom of
malaria.
Fevers
,
shaking
How can the spread of malaria be stopped
Use
mosquito nets
; Use
insecticides;
Remove standing
water
; Take antimalarial drugs
How does your skin act as a defence against pathogen entry?
Barrier
;
Antimicrobial
secretions; Microorganism layer
.How does the trachea defend the body against pathogens?
Secrete
mucus
to trap pathogens +
Cilia
move mucus up the
trachea
to be removed
.How does the stomach defend the body against pathogens?
Hydrochloric
acid destroys microorganisms in
mucus
/food
State the three ways in which white blood cells defend the body.
Engulf pathogens + Produce
antibodies
+ Produce
antitoxins
What are antibodies?
Substances created in the body to attack specific
foreign
substances called
antigens.
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