Untitled

• Research


  An organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences
• Research


  The scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that aligns as individual's speculation with reality
• Importance of Research


  • To gather necessary information
  • To improve standard of living
  • To have a safer life
  • To know the truth
  • To explore our history
• Types of Research based on application of Research Method

  • Basic research
  • Applied research
• Basic research


  • Deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things
  • Aims to increase your knowledge about something
• Applied research


  • The intention is to apply your chosen research to societal problems or issues, finding ways to make positive changes in the society
• Types of Research based on purpose

  • Descriptive research
  • Correlational research
  • Explanatory research
  • Exploratory research
  • Action research
• Descriptive research


  • Aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
• Correlational research


  • Shows the existence of the relationship of two factors or circumstances called variables
• Explanatory research


  • Elaborates or explains not just the relationship of two factors, but also the ways of the development by which such relationship exists
• Exploratory research


  • Investigates a problem that has not been studied or thoroughly investigated in the past
• Action research


  • Studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system
• Types of Research based on type of data needed

  • Qualitative research
  • Quantitative research
• Qualitative research


  • Requires non-numerical data, it uses words rather than numbers to express the results or investigation about a people's thoughts, beliefs or views regarding the object of the study
• Quantitative research


  • Involves measurement of data
  • Presents research findings in numerical forms
• Characteristics of Research


  • Controlled
  • Systematic
  • Analytical
  • Objective
  • Empirical
  • Original Work
• Objective


  • Unbiased and logical, all findings are logically based on real-life situations
• Controlled


  • All variables, except those that are tested/experimented on, are kept constant
• Empirical


  • Based on observations and experiments of theories
• Original Work


  • Requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete the study
• Systematic


  • Follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles
• Analytical


  • Shows analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and or case study
• Research Processes


  • Define Research Problem
  • Review of Related Literature
  • Formulating Hypothesis
  • Research Design
  • Collecting Data
  • Analyzing Data
  • Interpret and Report
• Define Research Problem


  What is the problem? A general idea or a specific question, statement, or thesis
• Review of Related Literature


  What evidence is already presented? You can find information on different materials like books, journals, and the internet
• Formulating Hypothesis


  How are we going to find/look for the answer to questions being studied? May also include your predictions
• Research Design


  Where will the study be shown and with what population? What methods and techniques will the researcher use?
• Collecting Data


  Are we ready to gather the data? Where do we find the data?
• Analyzing Data


  Working with useful information you have. How do the data answer the research queries?
• Interpret and Report


  What are the implications of the results? Share it to others
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research

  • Honesty
  • Objectivity
  • Integrity
  • Carefulness
  • Openness
  • Confidentiality
  • Responsible Publication
  • Responsible Mentoring
  • Respect for Colleagues
  • Social Responsibility
  • Non-Discrimination
  • Legality
  • Respect of Intellectual Property
  • Human Subject
• Honesty


  • Maintain all communication, data should not be faked, exhibits a person's credibility and morals
• Objectivity


  • Avoid biases in experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspects of research, includes certain objections or unbiased perceptions
• Integrity


  • Keep your promises and agreements, upholds values of honesty, rigour, transparency, and open communication