Cell biology

• Cell Biology


  A science (part of biology) that studies the normal organization and the functions of a cell
• Cell


  The structural and functional elementary unit of all living organisms, that conserves the features of the organism, has the ability of self-control, self-regulation, and self-reproduction, and is the result of a long time of evolution
• Postulates of cell biology

  • All organisms contain one or more cells
  • All cells come from other cells (omnis cellula e cellula)
  • Vital functions in an organism take place inside cells
  • All cells contain hereditary information necessary to regulate their functions and transmit information to subsequent generations of cells
• L.U.C.A. - last universal common ancestor
• Types of cells


  • Prokaryotic cells - no nucleus
  • Eukaryotic cells - with nucleus; DNA is packaged in chromatin
• Organelle


  Part of the cell, located inside the cell, with specific morphology and function
• Composition of a cell

  • Organic: Proteins, Lipids, Sugars (saccharides), Nucleic Acids
  • Inorganic
• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic acid, located (protected) in the Nucleus of the cell, stores biological information in the form of nucleotides
• Proteins


  Molecules that put the cell's genetic information into action, composed of amino acids
• Proteins are encoded by genes
• Proteins may have signal sequences that allow them to interact with partner proteins
• Cell biology and technology

  • Artificial cells
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells
  • Gene editing
  • AI-assisted diagnosis