SCIENCE -L2Q4 [Climate Change]

• Climate Change


  Natural phenomenon, that has been occurring since earth came
• Weather


  Mix of events/conditions that happen in the atmosphere over a period of hours/days
• Climate


  Average weather conditions in a place over many years
• Climate factors


  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Rainfall/precipitation
• Seasons


  • Rainy Season: June-Nov
  • Dry Season: Dec-May
  • Cool Dry: Dec-Feb
  • Hot Dry: March-May
• Climate of a place varies from one area to another
• Factors affecting climate


  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Topography
  • Distance that occurs in water/ocean currents
• Latitude


  North to south grid positions on earth ranging from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles
• Latitude


  Temperature decreases
• Altitude


  Height of an area above sea level
• Altitude


  Temperature decreases by 1 degree Celsius for every 100m in altitude
• Topography


  Natural features/arrangements of an area like land
• Windward side


  Wind blows, low temp, cloud formation, precipitation
• Leeward side


  No cloud, high temp, less precipitation, and rain shadow
• Ocean Currents


  Caused by the wind, earthquakes, and gravity
• Ocean currents


  • Warm currents that flow away from the equator
  • Cold currents that flow away from the poles
• Global Warming


  Increase in the earth's temperature
• Greenhouse Effect


  Radiation from the sun is absorbed and not reflected back from the sun
• Causes of greenhouse effect

  • Burning of fossil fuels
  • Intensive farming (crops,livestock)
  • Deforestation
  • Human Activities
• Burning of fossil fuels


  Releases large amounts of CO2
• Intensive farming


  Heavier use of nitrogen based fertilizer
• Cow burps add to global warming
• Deforestation


  Fewer trees
• Effects of climate change

  • Human health
  • Plants - alters the life cycle of plants
  • Animals - survival crisis
  • Melting of glaciers - rising sea level
  • Change in precipitation - availability of water (ex. Flood, droughts, forest fire)
• Ways to address climate change

  • Reduce carbon emissions
  • Conservation of energy
  • 3Rs
  • Plant-based diet
  • Use renewable energy
  • Preservation of forest
  • Educate people
• Climate Change


  Natural phenomenon that has been occurring since earth came
• Weather


  Mix of events/conditions that happen in the atmosphere over a period of hours/days
• Climate


  Average weather conditions in a place over many years
• Elements of climate


  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Rainfall or precipitation
• Seasons


  • Rainy Season: June-Nov
  • Dry Season: Dec-May
  • Cool Dry: Dec-Feb
  • Hot Dry: March-May
• Climate of a place varies from one area to another
• Latitude


  • North to south grid positions on earth ranging from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles
  • Latitude ↑ ; Temperature ↓
• Altitude


  • Height of an area above sea level
  • Higher area : cooler temperature ↓
  • Temperature usually decreases from 1 degrees celsius for every 100m in altitude
  • Higher elevations, less air, air molecules are farther apart, air is less dense -> cannot absorb much heat, making air temperature decrease
• Topography


  • Natural features/ arrangements of an area like land
  • Windward side: wind blows, low temp, cloud formation, precipitation
  • Leeward side: no cloud, high temp, less precipitation, and rain shadow
• Distance to oceans or large bodies of water

  • Areas close to oceans, other large bodies of water tend to have more moderate climate changes between seasons
• Ocean Currents


  • Caused by the wind, earthquakes, and gravity
  • Ocean currents that flow away from the equator carry warm water and make the climate warm (Kuroshio current)
  • Ocean currents that flow away from the poles carry cold water and make the climate cold (West Australian current)
• Global Warming


  Increase in the earth's temperature
• Greenhouse Effect


  Radiation from the sun is absorbed and not reflected back from the sun
• Greenhouse gases


  • CO2
  • N2O
  • PFC
  • CH4
  • SF6
  • HFC
• Causes of greenhouse effect

  • Burning of fossil fuels
  • Intensive farming (crops,livestock)
  • Deforestation
  • Human Activities (Pollution, reef destruction, emission of greenhouse gasses)