module 3

• Life begins at the cellular level
• Cell theory


  The cell is the unit of structure and function of all living things and all cells come from pre-existing cells
• Cell-volume-to cell-surface relationships


  Explain why cells are very small
• Types of cells


  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells


  Have their nuclear material mixed with the protoplasm
• Eukaryotic cells


  Have a distinct nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane
• Prokaryotic cells are single-celled, while eukaryotic cells can be multicellular
• Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  • Size
  • Cell wall
  • Presence of nucleus
  • Shape of DNA
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosome
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mode of reproduction
  • Cell division
  • Lysosomes and peroxisomes
  • Chloroplast
  • Transcription and translation
  • Organelles
  • Replication
  • Number of chromosomes
  • Nuclear membrane
  • Chromosomes
  • Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Photosynthetic apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Microtubules
  • Flagella
  • Cytoplasmic streaming
  • Cell wall

  
• Prokaryotic cells include archaea and bacteria, while eukaryotic cells include plants and animals
• The references for this study material are provided