Science Finals 1st Quarter

• The Earth's outermost layer, according to tectonic plate theory, is divided into a dozen or more large and small solid plates or slabs known as litospheric plate or tectonic plates
• First world Atlas-Theatrum Orbis Terrarum
• Published the first world atlas was Abraham Ortelius.
• The first world atlas was published in January 1, 1596
• Raisin Theory- Earth is compared to a grape contracted into raisin due to "cooling process".
• Clarence Edward Dutton- He is an American seismologist and geologist who proposed Isostacy theory
• Isostacy Theory-Equilibrium exist on the Earth's surface
• Alfred Wegener-He is a German meteorologist who proposed Continental Drift Theory
• Rodinia-It existed before Pangaea
• Panthalassa Sea- Vast ocean that surrounded Pangaea.
• Tethys Sea- The sea that separated the two continents
• Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus- The reptiles that lived during Triassic Period
• Antonio Snider Pellegrini- French Scientist that used identical plant fossils discovered in coal beds in Europe and the United Stated.
• Glossopteris- Seed fern that are too large to be dispersed across the ocean by winds.
• Glaciation or glacial period - Is an interval of time within the ice age that is marked by colder temperature and glacial advances.
• Paleoclimatology - It is the study of the extended climatic conditions of past geologic ages.
• Magnetism- Study of ancient magnetic fields.
• Harry Hess- proposed sea floor spreading theory
• Robert S. Dietz - coined the term "seafloor spreading"
• SONAR- Uses sound waves to find and identify the objects in the water and determine the depth of the sea.
• Convergent Boundary is also known as Destructive Boundary or Colliding Boundary
• Subduction Zone- Areas where tectonic plates dive beneath other plates into the earth's interior.
• Divergent Boundary is also known as Constructive boundary or Spreading Boundary
• Divergent Boundary - A zone where two lithospheric plates move apart from each other.
• Transform Fault Boundary -A zone between two plates that slide past one another.
• Transform fault Boundary is also known as Lateral Boundary or Conservative Boundary
• RRR - Exists at which all three plates are moving apart.
• TTT - Means three plates are pushing together if they are lined up just right.
• Seismic Tomography- It is a method of inverting seismological data to obtain a three-dimensional image of anomalies in seismic wave velocity within the media they travel.
• Mantle Convection Theory - Describes the movement of the mantle as it transfers heat from the white-hot core to the brittle lithosphere and connect in heat loss
• Slap Pull Theory - Pulling force exerted by a cold, dense oceanic plate plunging into the mantle due to its own weight and connected in Earth's gravity.
• Litosphere - It is the planet's outer solid layer which includes the crust as well as the underlying dense, and rigid upper part of the upper mantle.
• Asthenosphere -A highly viscous, hotter, and ductile region of the upper mantle involved in plate tectonic movement and isostatic adjustments. It also lies beneath the litosphere.
• Mohorovicic Discontinuity - Separates the crust from the mantle
• Andrija Mohorovicic- Discovered MOHO
• Geothermal Gradient - Steady increase of temperature which is believed to be the one responsible for different rock behaviors within the mantle.
• Geomagnetic Fields - It protects us from the harmful rays emitted by the sun.
• Geomorphology - The scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.
• Togoraphy - Study of the current terrain features region and the graphic representation particular landform on a map.
• Landforms - Defined as the natural physical features on the surface of Earth.