INTRO TO PHILO | LECTURE 01

• L1 | 1.2. History of Philosophy

  • Philosophy began at the end of the 6th Century happened in Ancient Greece.
• L1 | 1.2. History of Philosophy

  • Philosophy came from Greek word: Philein which means "Love" and Sophia which means "Wisdom"
• L1 | 1.2. History of Philosophy

  • Philosopher became the talk of the town in Athens because of the works of Hesiod and Homer.
• L1 | 1.2.1. Work of Hesiod and Homer

  • Hesiod: Work and Days by Hesiod written as poem published around 700 BCE.
• L1 | 1.2.1. Work of Hesiod and Homer

  • Homer: The Lliad and The Odyssey works of Homer.
• L1 | 1.3. Transition of Philosophy from Muthos to Logos

  • Philosophy's realization - to itself is shaped by its reaction to literature.
• L1 | 1.3. Transition of Philosophy from Muthos to Logos

  In a more particular claim, it was a transition from the Greek's penchant for story (Muthos) to reason (Logos).
• L1 | 1.3. Transition of Philosophy from Muthos to Logos

  • At the heart of philosophy's - beginning was a radical shift to knowing that the origin of the world might not come from some mythic explanation but from a more rational, more grounded fact. This then proves that making sense of the world has a clear basis and reason.
• L1 | 2.1. MILETUS

  • Philosophy started in 587 BCE in a town called Miletus.
• L1 | 2.1. MILETUS

  1. Miletus - was a seaport town and was considered to be the center of many things, including business and commerce.
• L1 | 2.1. MILETUS

  • Miletus had the same importance in antiquity.
• L1 | 2.1. MILETUS

  • Antiquity - (refers to the ancient past).
• L1 | 2.1.2. FIRST PHILOSOPHERS

  • Milesians - First philosophers were said to be.
• L1 | 2.1.2. FIRST PHILOSOPHERS

  • The first philosophers real question was about the astonishment at the wonders they observed.
• L1 | 2.1.2. FIRST PHILOSOPHERS

  • This is the reason why the first problems related to philosophy were cosmological in the nature and why the first philosophers were cosmologist.
• L1 | 2.2. OLIVER FELTHAM

  • He is the best philosophy historians today. He provides a different understanding and clarification of how this thauma can be translated.
• L1 | 2.2. OLIVER FELTHAM

  • Thauma - it means "wonder".
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • FELTHAM'S IDEA - Believes that when a person is stupefied, that person is placed in a position of confusion.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Stupefied - It becomes reinforcement to be completely mesmerized and thereby pushing oneself to ask.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Stupefaction - should lead one to question.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Questioning - becomes indication that real and genuine knowledge does not end in awe.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Doubt - pushes us to question many things to see that a greater reason is being veiled by what seems to appear before us.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  1. Not all doubt are healthy some could lead to skepticism.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Skepticism - wherein everything is put into inquiry without any goal of grounding and could lead to being myopic.
• L1 | 2.2.1. FELTHAM'S IDEA ABOUT STUPEFACTION

  • Myopic - a perspective that is indirect contrast to the spirit of philosophy.
• L1 | 2.3. ALLAN BADIOU


  ALLAN BADIOU - A French contemporary philosopher said that, a philosophical question that touch upon matters related to three things:
• L1 | 2.3. ALLAN BADIOU

  Q: A philosophical question that touch upon matters related to three things:

  i. Choice

  ii. Meaning

  iii. Life
• L1 | 3.1. PYTHAGORA

  • Pythagoras (570-495 BCE) might be more familiar to mathematicians.
• L1 | 3.1. PYTHAGORA

  • Pythagoras - His contribution to philosophical discourse is crucial. He marked a radical shift from the mythic to the rational.
• L1 | 3.1. PYTHAGORA

  • His invention that the world is governed by a principle that only numbers can provide is as radical as Copernicus.
• L1 | 3.1. PYTHAGORA

  • Copernicus - He said that the Earth is not the center of the universe during Renaissance.
• L1 | 3.2. PYTHAGORAS VIEW AND IDEAS OF PHILOSOPHY

  • It can be summarized by his actual idea of Philosophus.
• L1 | 3.2. PYTHAGORAS VIEW AND IDEAS OF PHILOSOPHY

  • Philosophus - everyone is a philosopher. The term is more of a challenge for anyone who dares to study philosophy.
• L1 | 3.2. PYTHAGORAS VIEW AND IDEAS OF PHILOSOPHY

  • Pythagoras sees a Philosophus as "someone who, in all his might pursues wisdom."
• L1 | 4.1. PHILOSOPHY AS A SCIENCE

  • Philosophy is in fact scientific.
  • The science being spoken here is neither limited to physical nor natural science only. The science here is philosophy's own discipline to observe the rigors of science.
• L1 | 4.2. PHILOSOPHY AS A SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS

  • Philosophy's object is literally everything and every-thing.
  • It means that philosophy can study anything under the sun as long as the subject is able to generate possible ideas. Philosophy can even study something that is not yet possible to be known.
• L1 | 4.3. PHILOSOPHY AS A SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS THROUGH ITS ULTIMATE CAUSES AND PRINCIPLES

  • Studying any object in philosophy is no simple matter.
  • Philosophy is not satisfied with answers that can be given via yes or no. it is also not obsessed with providing the answer right away.
• L1 | 4.4. PHILOSOPHY AS A SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS THROUGH ITS ULTIMATE CAUSES ACQUIRED THROUGH THE USE OF NATURAL REASON

  • Philosophy is not an activity that is left to either chance or pure faith.
  • Philosophizing is an activity without help other that itself; hence, it is done only by the use of reason, unalloyed and unadulterated.
• L1 | 5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING PHILOSOPHY

  • The significance of philosophy is not on its demonstration of knowledge but in its capacity to focus on the possibilities that might be lost in the full understanding of what is being taught because that knowledge could be confirmation of one's ignorance.
• L1 | 5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING PHILOSOPHY

  • The significance of philosophy is to recognize that the answer is not yet complete.