PHILO

• Freedom/Liberty - social and political concept which has great significance in how people participate in society
• Freedom of an individual from oppression, compulsion, or coercion from other persons, an authority figure or from society itself.
• Positive Liberty - From person taking control of his or her own life and fulfilling one’s potential
• Negative Liberty - From external restraint, barriers, and other interferences from other people
• Liberalism upholds the preservation of individual rights and stresses the role of the government protecting these civil liberties.
• Liberalism upholds the preservation of individual rights and stresses the role of the government protecting these civil liberties.
• Libertarianism believes that the individual, not the government, is the best judge in upholding and exercising rights.
• Libertarianism believes that the individual, not the government, is the best judge in upholding and exercising rights.
• Socialism considers freedom as a freedom to acquire economic resources and the ability to work and act according to one’s desire.
• Socialism considers freedom as a freedom to acquire economic resources and the ability to work and act according to one’s desire.
• Natural Rights - Rights which are innate in the person
• Natural Rights - Rights which are innate in the person
• Legal Rights - Rights based on society’s customs and laws and are enacted by legislation and enforced by government
• Legal Rights - Rights based on society’s customs and laws and are enacted by legislation and enforced by government
• Philosophers relate human freedom to the concept of human agency, which refers to the capacity of a person to act and exert control over his or her behavior.
• Human freedom is expressed in two ways

  • free will – ability to choose
  • free action – ability to perform an action without obstacles
• Models in expressing Freedom

  • 📌 Faculties model - we have free will because we have brain and rationality
  • 📌 Hierarchical model - our free will based on wants and desires
  • hierarchy - order/ways to follow
  • 📌 Reasons-responsive view - reason out and respond to the reason
• What can prevent us from exercising our freedom?

  ■ Constraints on free actions (obstacles)

  ■ Constraints on free will
• Constraints on free actions (obstacles)

  📌 prohibitions

  📌 laws

  📌 other social controls imposed

  📌 disability/sickness

  📌 coercion exerted by another person

  📌 weather, poverty, or accidents
• Constraints on free will

  📌 manipulation

  📌 brainwashing

  📌 coercion against one’s will
• Determinism / Destiny - is a philosophical view that believes that every event in the world is brought about by underlying causes or factors.
• Determinism / Destiny - is a philosophical view that believes that every event in the world is brought about by underlying causes or factors.
• How can we effectively exercise freedom in our life?

  ■ Concept of moral responsibility refers to a person’s status of deserving praise and reward, or blame and punishment for an action. Do good = reward Do bad = punish

  
  

  
  

  ■ Free will is ALWAYS necessary.

  ■ Control and regulation are necessary elements in the responsible exercise of freedom.

  ■ Our interactions with other people in society is also an important influence in the proper exercise of freedom.
• Concept of moral responsibility refers to a person’s status of deserving praise and reward, or blame and punishment for an action.
• Free will is ALWAYS necessary.
• Control and regulation are necessary elements in the responsible exercise of freedom.
• Our interactions with other people in society is also an important influence in the proper exercise of freedom.
• Faculties model - we have free will because we have brain and rationality
• Hierarchical model - our free will based on wants and desires
•  hierarchy - order/ways to follow
• Reasons–responsive view - reason out and respond to the reason