Society

• Society came from a Latin word socius
• an association, togetherness, and group life

  society
• described the changing character of human societies over the last 10,000 years

  Gerhard and Jean Lenski
• Understood human history as long and complex process, he said society spins around social conflict

  Karl Marx
• The power of ideas also shape society, contrasted the traditional thinking of simple societies with the rational thought that dominates our modern way of life

  Max Weber
• helped us to see the different ways that traditional and modern societies hang together

  Emile Durkheim
• Refer to the changes that occur as the society acquires new technology

  sociocultural evolution
• types of societies according to their technology

  1. Hunting and gathering societies
  2. horticultural societies
  3. pastoral societies
  4. agrarian societies
  5. industrial societies
  6. post-industrial societies
• simplest of all kinds of societies

  hunting and gathering societies
• Hunters and gatherers are nomadic- meaning they transfer from one place to another
• having equality in terms of age and gender

  egalitarian society
• Spiritual leader of hunters and gatherers

  Shaman
• Weapons of hunters and gatherers

  Spear, bow and arrow, and stone knife
• hunters and gatherers practice animism, they believe many spirits inhabit the world
• "growing their own"

  horticultural societies
• Technology in horticultural societies

  horticulture
• Human first planted in this regions

  Middle East

  Latin America

  Asia
• spiritual practice of Horticultural society

  ancestor worship
• Third type of society

  pastoral societies
• Type of pastoral society where parts of group move with heard

  Transhumance
• type of pastoral society where the entire group move with heard

  pastoral nomadism
• More resources than needed to support day-to-day living

  material surplus
• "the dawn of civilization"

  agrarian society
• In this society, mills and factories began to use water and then steam boilers

  industrial societies
• discovery of railroads and steamships

  19th century
• discovery of automobiles

  20th century
• society that is based on computer and other electronic devices

  post-industrial societies
• Skills learn by industrial societies

  mechanical skills
• skills developed by post-industrial societies

  information-based skills