MTPC 113 LIFESTYLE DISEASES

• Lifestyle


  The interests, opinions, behaviors and behavioral orientations of an individual, group or culture
• Lifestyle (introduced by Alfred Adler)


  A person's basic character as established early in childhood
• Lifestyle


  • Combination of determining intangible or tangible factors
  • Tangible factors relate to demographic variables
  • Intangible factors concern the psychological aspects of an individual such as personal values, preferences and outlooks
• Lifestyle diseases

  Diseases linked with the way people live their life, commonly caused by alcohol, drug and smoking abuse as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating
• Smoking is public health enemy #1
• Obesity is public health enemy #2, leading cause of death in US
• Mortality


  Cause of death
• Morbidity


  Cause of disease
• Obesity


  Unhealthy eating habits, stressful lifestyle, reduced physical activity translates to obesity
• Obesity

  • Anybody who is overweight suffers from breathing issues, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes etc.
  • First step to attracting all kinds of other lifestyle diseases
  • Eating food that are high in salt, sugar, or fats or oil causes obesity
• Obesity diagnosis


  Body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher
• BMI formula


  Weight in kilograms/Height in meters X height in meters
• Body mass index measurement is the easy way to assess obesity
• Type II Diabetes Mellitus


  Non-insulin form which develops in adults due to poor eating habits and bad lifestyle choices
• Type II Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis

  • Blood sugar estimation (fasting and postprandial) and urine analysis for sugar and micro albumin
  • HbA1c is used as a diagnostic test
• Arteriosclerosis


  Arterial blood vessel walls thicken and lose elasticity, causing blood circulation disorders, chest pain, and heart attacks
• Heart diseases


  Any irregularity or abnormality which affects the heart muscle and blood vessel walls
• High blood pressure


  Very common reasons are stress, obesity, genetic factors, and unhealthy eating habits
• Normal blood pressure


  120/80 mmHg
• High blood pressure


  140/90 mmHg
• Swimmer's ear


  Inflammation, irritation or infection in the ear canal or the outer ear due to constant use of headphones and exposure to loud music
• Approximately 12.5% have suffered permanent damage to their hearing due to constant exposure to noise
• Cancer


  Irregular cell growth due to decreased immunity from stressful lifestyle, prolonged smoking, too much sun exposure
• Ischemic stroke


  Caused by blockage or obstruction of the blood vessel, can create an embolus
• Hemorrhagic stroke


  Causes aneurysm, rupture of the blood vessel
• Stroke


  Blood vessel carrying blood to the brain has a blockage leading to oxygen deficiency
• High blood pressure, if not treated, can lead to stroke
• Stroke can also be caused due to hereditary reasons
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  Permanent obstruction of the airways, increased by air pollution and smoking
• COPD diagnosis


  Pulmonary function tests and Chest X ray
• Cirrhosis


  Group of liver disorders severely affected by heavy alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis
• Cirrhosis diagnosis


  Ultrasound, and liver function test (LFT)
• Nephritis


  Swelling in the kidneys leading to abnormal function, caused by allergy reaction, bacterial infections, or frequent tonsillitis
• Osteoporosis


  Bones become weak and brittle, leading to fractures, caused by low levels of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals
• Fractures from osteoporosis are about twice more in women
• Ultrasound


  Useful for revealing the function of liver
• Liver function test (LFT)


  Useful for revealing the function of liver
• Nephritis


  Swelling in the kidneys leading to abnormal function
• Causes of nephritis


  • Allergy reaction to medication or antibiotic
  • Bacterial infections from unhygienic food
  • Frequent tonsillitis
• Osteoporosis


  Causes bones to become weak and brittle, leading to fractures