biology paper 1

Created by

DYLAN ROBERTS

Cards (255)

what reaction does the plant use to trap light energy
photosynthesis, it is an endothermic reaction because it takes in light
where does photosynthesis take place in a plant
in the leaves, due to leaves being able to trap energy because it has chlorophyll on it
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
co2 + h20 -> c6h12o6 + o2
what is the rate of photosynthesis when the rate of light intensity is 0
the rate of photosynthesis is 0 when the rate of light intensity is 0
if the light intensity increases and so does the rate of photosynthesis, what does this tell us about the light intensity 
the light intensity was limiting, so photosynthesis was not as fast as it could be because there was not enough light
what factors effect the rate of photosynthesis
light intensity
amount of carbon dioxide-the more co2 the more photosynthesis
amount of chlorophyll in the leaf
temperature- the higher the temp, the higher the photosynthesis. But if temp gets to high rate of photosynthesis begins to fall.
what are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis
to release energy in respiration
to produce the insoluble storage molecule starch, starch can be converted back to glucose when needed. e.g. at night
cellulose (gives the cell wall strength) is made from glucose produced by photosynthesis
it also produces amino acids
what is respiration 
supplies the energy we need, it is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
c6h12o6 + o2 -> co2 + h20
why does aerobic respiration release a lot of energy
because glucose molecule has been fully oxidised
what releases more energy anaerobic respiration or aerobic respiration
aerobic releases much more, because in anaerobic respiration the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
what is the energy from respiration used for
used by enzymes to synthesise new molecules in the cell
what is metabolism 
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
How are communicable diseases spread?
from person to person, for example measles
and spread by pathogens, for example bacteria or viruses
can non communicable diseases spread
no
what is the definition of health
the state of physical and mental well being
what causes communicable and non communicable diseases
illness
stress
poor diet
or any other life situations, e.g. working with chemicals
what is tuberculosis (tb) 
a communicable lung disease and is normally fought of by immune system
are you more or less likely to catch infectious diseases with defective immune system
more likely
what are pathogens 
microorganism that cause infectious diseases. for example, bacteria, viruses, protists and fungi
how does bacteria make us ill
once inside body they reproduce rapidly, and release harmful chemicals called toxins. toxins damage tissues and make us feel ill
where is the only place viruses can reproduce
a host cell
how do viruses make us ill
the virus invades the host cell and reproduces inside it, this damages the cell and when the virus leaves the cell it could burst open and die.
how do pathogens spread
in the air, e.g. water droplets
directly in water
direct contact between individuals
how can we reduce the spread of pathogens
washing hands before eating
providing clear drinking water
using a condom during sex
if diseases is bad, the person may have to be isolated
vaccinations
can viruses be killed with antibiotics
no
what are the symptoms of measles
first is usually a fever, after 3 days the person develops a red skin rash
how are measles spread
in droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
how do we reduce the spread of measles when young
kids are normally injected at a young age
what are the symptoms of HIV
the first is usually a flu-like illness , usually disappears after first 2 weeks. At this point virus is damaging cells of patients immune system, eventually the patients immune system could become so damaged it cannot fight of other infectious diseases or cancer cells
how is HIV treated
antiretroviral drugs, they have to be taken for rest of life
how can HIV be spread
unprotected sex
drug uses share infected needles
can bacteria be killed by antibiotics
yes
how is the bacteria that causes salmonella spread
eating infected food
what are the symptoms of salmonella
fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
where is salmonella bacteria usually found
in poultry such as chicken, in the UK all chickens are vaccinated against salmonella controlling spread of the disease
what is gonorrhoea 
an STD
what are symptoms of gonorrhoea
a thick green/yellow discharge from penis or vagina
how do we stop spreading of gonorrhoea
using a condom during sex
if you have unprotected sex be tested often
what is the malaria pathogen an example of
a protist