Lesson 2 (Journalism Principles)

• Ferdinand Marcos signs Proclamation No. 1081 placing the country under Martial Law


  SEPT 21, 1972
• Marcos orders the closure of media establishments


  SEPT 22, 1972
• Media and option personalities known to be critical of Marcos are taken to military camps for investigation and detention

  SEPT 23, 1972
• The Department of Public Information (DPI) issues orders requiring media clearance and prohibiting printers from producing publications without DPI permission

  SEPT 25, 1972
• Marcos issues Presidential Decree (PD) 33 penalizing the printing, possession, and distribution of materials undermining the government

  OCT 28, 1972
• Marcos issues PD No. 36 canceling media franchises and permits, creating the Mass Media Council


  NOV 2, 1972
• Marcos issues PD 90 penalizing rumor-mongering


  JAN 6, 1973
• Marcos issues PD 191 abolishing the Mass Media Council and creating the Media Advisory Council


  MAY 11, 1973
• PD 576 abolishes the Media Advisory Council and the Bureau of Standards for Mass Media, but Marcos authorizes regulatory councils for print and broadcast media through PD 576-A


  NOV 9, 1974
• Marcos issues PD 885 forbidding the creation of "subversive" organizations


  FEB 3, 1976
• Marcos issues PD 1737, a decree regulating publication of judicial notices, advertisements, and other similar notices


  ЈАN 28 1977
• Marcos issues PD No. 1498 or the National Security Code


  JUNE 11, 1978
• Marcos issues PD No 1737 or the Public Order Act, empowering him to issue orders to clamp down on "subversive publications" and "ban or regulate the holding of entertainment"


  SEPT 12, 1980
• Marcos issues PD No. 727 making "unlawful the malicious dissemination of false information"


  OCT 9. 1980
• Marcos issues Proclamation No.2045 "lifting Martial Law"


  JAN 17, 1981
• The government abolishes the print and broadcast media councils, restoring the right to publish without prior license

  JAN 23, 1981
• Marcos issues Letter of Instruction No. 1211, the Presidential Commitment Order, allowing "preventive detention" of persons


  MARCH 9, 1982
• Marcos orders the seizure of We Forum after it exposed his fake medals


  DEC 2, 1982
• The Presidential Commitment Order is placed by Preventive Detention Action, Marcos issues PD 1875 repealing the Public Order Act, and PD 1876 repealing the National Security Code


  JULY 21, 1983
• Marcos issues PD 1835 or the Anti-Subversion Law of 1981, "Increasing the penalties for membership in subversive organizations from life imprisonment to death"


  JULY 25, 1983
• Women Writers in Media Now hold a consultation on press freedom

  AUG 20, 1963
• Former senator Benigno Aquino Jr. is assassinated upon his return to Manila


  AUG 21, 1983
• Properties of the Philippine Times are seed a published a story implicating high government and may officials in the assassination of Ninoy Aquino

  SEPT 29, 1983
• The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists announces that a total of 12 journalists have been killed since 1984

  Mid-1985
• Snap elections are held

  FEB 7, 1986
• People Power begins and ends peacefully after four days


  FEB 22, 1986
• Marcoses flees to Hawaii, Corazon Aquino takes power


  FEB 25, 1986
• The Aquino government issues Executive Order (EO) No.1 creating the Presidential Commission on Good Government


  FEB 28, 1988
• President Aquino lifts the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus


  МАRCН 2 1986-
• EO No. 29 repeals PD No. 33, the decree "Penalizing the Printing Possession Distribution and Circulation of Certain Leaflets, Handbills and Propaganda Materials and the Inscribing or Designing of Graffiti"


  JULY 16, 1986
• Malacañang issues EO No. 92 expanding the responsibility and authority of the Office of the Press Secretary


  DEC 17, 1986
• The Aquino government forms the Philippine Information Agency after the abolition of the Office of Media Affairs


  DEC 24, 1986
• The PPI is reestablished after its operation was halted during martial law

  1987
• President Aquino issues EO No. 187 repealing various Marcos-issued decrees


  JUNE 5, 1987
• President Aquino files a libel suit against journalists Luis Beltran


  OCT 1987
• The NUP, PPI and the National Press Club adopt the Journalist's Code of Ethics

  1988
• The Wealth of Nations was written in 1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Consumers act rationally by


  Maximising their utility
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits