Geography KOs

• AC


  Advanced Country
• LIDC

  Low Income Developing Country
• HDI


  Human Development Index
• DC


  Developing Country
• MINT


  Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey
• Social measures of development


  • Literacy Rate
  • Life Expectancy
  • Gender empowerment
• Economic measures of development

  • GNI per capita
  • GDP/GNP
• Measures used to formulate the HDI


  • Life Expectancy
  • Literacy Rate
  • GNI Per capita
• FDI


  Foreign Direct Investment
• Human factors that affect development

  • Political
  • Healthcare
• Physical factors that affect development

  • Location
  • Natural resources
• Colonialism


  When a country takes political control over another country
• Increased temperature


  Crops may fall
• TNC


  Transnational Corporation
• Rostow's model


  Stages of development
• Zambia gained independence in 1964
• Kariba Dam


  Zambia's hydroelectric dam
• IMF cancelled Zambia's debt

  2006
• New industries Zambia now relies on

  • Tourism
  • Farming
  • HEP
• MDGs


  Millennium Development Goals
• MDGs


  • Extreme world poverty
  • Achieve primary education
• Top-down development


  Development projects and funding that come from the government
• Bottom-up development


  Development projects and funding at grassroots level, usually by NGOs
• Features of an upland area

  • Steep gradient of the land
  • Climate is cooler and wetter
  • More hard rock
  • Harsh environment, thin soils
  • Sheep farming, tourism
• Features of a lowland area

  • Generally softer rock
  • Flat relief
  • Climate is warmer and drier
  • More vegetation
  • More urban areas
• Geomorphic


  Relates to the form of the landscape, and other natural features of the earth's surface
• Types of weathering


  • Mechanical
  • Biological
  • Chemical
• Processes of erosion


  • Hydraulic action
  • Abrasion
  • Attrition
  • Solution
• Processes of transportation

  • Traction
  • Saltation
  • Suspension
  • Solution
• Fetch


  How far the wave has travelled
• Constructive waves


  • Low frequency, low and long
  • Weak backwash
• Destructive waves


  • Strong swash
  • Strong backwash
  • Taller waves, more frequent
• Landforms formed by eroded headlands

  • Caves
  • Arches
  • Stacks
  • Stumps
• Landform found along a concordant coastline

  • Cove
• Landforms found along a discordant coastline

  • Bays
  • Headlands
• Longshore drift


  The way sediment is carried along the coastline
• Depositional landform


  • Beach
• Hard engineering along a coastline

  • Sea walls
  • Groynes
• Soft engineering along a coastline

  • Beach replenishment
  • Dune stabilisation
• Sections of a river

  • Source
  • Upper course
  • Middle course
  • Lower course