Cells

• Eukaryotes


  Organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes


  Prokaryotic cells (single-celled organisms)
• Eukaryotic cells


  • Complex
  • Include all animal and plant cells
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Smaller and simpler
  • e.g. bacteria
• Subcellular structures in animal cells

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Nucleus


  Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Cytoplasm


  Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen
• Cell membrane


  Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• Mitochondria


  Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
• Ribosomes


  Where proteins are made in the cell
• Additional structures in plant cells

  • Rigid cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• Rigid cell wall


  Made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell
• Permanent vacuole


  Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
• Chloroplasts


  Where photosynthesis occurs, contain chlorophyll
• Bacterial cells are much smaller
• Bacterial cells


  • Don't have cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts or mitochondria
  • Have a single circular strand of DNA floating in the cytoplasm
  • May contain plasmids