Cells and microscopy

• What are the two types of cells?

  Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
• What is the difference between a Eukaryotic and a Prokaryotic cell?

  Eukaryotic contains nucleus and membrane-bound organells and prokaryotic does not.
• Components of both plant and animal cells

  Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes.
• How is genetic information stored in a Eukaryotic cell?

  Within the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes.
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  Controls cellular activities
• Structure of the Fluid component. Contains organelles, enzymes, dissolved ions and nutrients.
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  Site of cellular reactions
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced
• What is the function of the ribosome?

  Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation
• What organelles are only found in plant cells?

  Large vacuole, Cell wall, Chloroplasts
• What is the cell wall made of?

  Cellulose
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Provides strength, prevents the cell from bursting during osmosis
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Salts, sugars and organic acids
• What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

  Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity
• What is the function of the chloroplasts?

  Site of photosynthesis
• When you look at a cell using a light microscope, why does chloroplast appear green?

  It contains chlorophyll which has a green pigment
• Organelles found in Prokaryotic cells

  Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Ribosomes, Flagella
• How is genetic information stored in prokaryotic cells?

  Found in the cytoplasm as: Chromosomal DNA and Plasmid DNA
• What are plasmids?

  Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm. Carry genes that provide genetic advantages
• What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

  Peptidoglycan
• What is a flagellum?

  Long, rotating, whip-like protrusion. Enables bacteria to move.