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Cards (34)

  • Occupational health services
    are structures with primarily preventive functions, such as advising and assisting employers, as well as occupational health and safety authorities on planning, organization and performance of their duties
  • Occupational health services duties
    1. Providing and maintaining healthy and safe work conditions
    2. Strengthening health and work ability of workers in relation to their work.
  • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES: main tasks
    1. Developing measures to eliminate and reduce the risks to workers' health and to ensure safety during work
    2. Monitoring the health of workers and analyzing it in relation to the work being done
    3. Training of workers and officials the safety rules for health and safety at work
  • MAIN FUNCTIONS OF OHS
    1. Organize and/or carry out preliminary and periodic medical
    examinations and surveys of workers
    2. Prepare an analysis of the health status of workers based on the results of periodic medical examinations and research
    3. Develop and participate in the implementation of training programs (management staff, employees and their representatives) on the rules for health and safety at work
  • MAIN FUNCTIONS OF OHS
    4. Organize and conduct employee training for first aid, self-help
    and mutual assistance
    5. Provide information to each employee about health risks associated with their work and results of prophylactic examinations
    6. Develop and participate in the implementation of health promotion programs at the workplace, elimination of lifestyle risk factors, increase of working capacity and overcome stress at work.
  • WHY RISK ASSESSTMENT MUST BE DONE
    The main objective of the occupational risk assessment is to protect the health of workers and promote safe work conditions.Risk assessment helps to minimize the potential for worker and /or the environment damage from work-related activities.
    It helps to maintain a competitive, efficient and socially oriented business.
  • Hazard
    A hazard can be anything - whether work materials, equipment, work methods or practices - that has the potential to cause harm.
  • Risk
    A risk is the chance, high or low, that somebody may be harmed by the hazard.
  • Risk assessment
    Risk assessment is the process of evaluating risks to workers' safety and health from workplace hazards. It is a systematic examination of all aspects of work.
  • MAIN LEVELS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
    1. Establish program of risk assessment at work
    2. Gathering information
    3. Classification of occupational hazards
    4. Identification of hazards for each position in the company
    5. Determination of the people exposed to hazards
    6. Аnonymous questionnaire to the workers regarding the work conditions in the company
  • MAIN LEVELS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
    7. Determination of the elements of risk, incl.:
     assessment of exposition and/or dependence
    „dose-response“
    evaluation of unfavorable health effects
    („dose-effect“)
     identification and description of the risk hazards for each position in the company
    8. Risk assessment for each workplace or group or workplaces, facilities etc.
    9. Documentation
    10. Verification of the risk assessment from the
    employer
  • MAIN LEVELS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
    11. Implementation of actions for eliminating or reducing the risks12. Implement controls over the risk and measure effectiveness
    13. Revision (if needed) of the risk assessment.
  • According to the law - all employers must do regular risk assessment with the help and assistance of occupational health services.
  • Main methods for risk assessment: 1. Quantitative2. Qualitative
  • No matter the chosen method, the actual assessment is done separately for every identified treat.
  • Risk assessment must include:
    1. Work process2. Work equipment 3. Facilities 4. Workplaces5. Territory of the facility and if necessary - any potentially affected area or people in proximity
  • Risk assessment must include:
    6. The organization of labor, incl. work with high mental stress and unfavorable psychosocial factors, rhythm and monotony, manual loading and unloading, work and rest periods
    7. Used raw materials, products 8. Others.
  • • Identification of hazards:
    • presence of hazards
    • possible ways and means of affecting the health
    • people and objects that can be damaged - property, work or environment
  • HazardsExploring all aspects of labor activities:-analyzing all activities-unusual operations at work-unplanned but predictable events-possibility of industrial accidents
  • Identified hazards are categorized by groups according to their type and nature.
  • TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
     Chemical agents - gases, aerosols Physico-chemical factors – dust Physical factors - noise, vibrations, radiation, microclimate  Biological agents - infectious and allergetic agents Psychological stressors Ergonomic and physiological factors Occupational safety
  • IDENTIFICATION OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
    1. Workers whose work is directly related to the hazard
    2. Workers whose activity is not related to the hazard but can be exposed
    3. External people that may be exposed to the hazard
    4. Workers in need of special protection, including minors(under 18-years of age), pregnant and breastfeeding, and those with limited ability to work.
  • ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF THE DAMAGE
    1. The type of targets to protect - people, property, work and the environment
    2. The severity of possible injuries and damage to health - insignificant, serious, dangerous, fatal
    3. Scope of the damage caused by the hazard
  • RANKING OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RELATED DISABILITIES
    1. Fatal outcome or permanent disability
    2. Harm or illness resulting in long-term temporary disability
    3. Harm or illness resulting in moderate temporary disability
    4. Damage or illness resulting in short-term disability 5. No harm leading to temporary disability.
  • LIKELIHOOD OF CAUSING HARM
    1. Frequency, duration and specificity of exposure2. The likelihood of a dangerous event occurring3. The technical possibilities to avoid or limit damage
    4. Human abilities to avoid or limit harm - qualifications, experience and practical knowledge and skills, risk- awareness, interaction between people, psychological, social and ergonomic aspects, and other aspects that may have an impact on the risk.
  • On the basis of the risk assessment employer:
    1. Plans and implements appropriate risk prevention measures and where this is not possible, protects workers and all other persons who are present on or near the site where there is a risk
    2. Prioritizes risk reduction and protection measures, taking into account the identified risk, causes of the hazards and alternative solutions
    3. Controls the implementation and effectiveness of the measures taken.
  • MANDATORY PRELIMINARY AND PERIODIC MEDICA EXAMINATIONS OF THE WORKERS
     Mandatory preliminary medical examinations are being done in order to determine whether the person is medically fit to work a certain job.
     Mandatory preliminary medical examination is being done to:
    1. People, applying for work for the first time;2. People, who change their position in the same company or go to another one3. People whose work is associated with occupational hazards and with a risk of occupational disabilities or traumas;4. People who have terminated their employment for more than three months.
  • PRELIMINARY AND PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS OF THE WORKERS
    1. Preliminary medical examinations of people applying for work are being done by:General practitioners2. By medical institutions, which have the corresponding medical specialists:
     Internal diseases specialist 
     Surgeon
     Ophthalmologist
     Otorhinolaryngologist
     Neurologist
     Psychiatrist (if needed)
  • PRELIMINARY AND PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS OF THE WORKERS
    On the basis of results from preliminary medical examination, occupational health services do a certification of the person for his/hers medical fitness to work in a certain position. It can include the following conclusions:
     person is fit for work at a certain position person is able to work at this position on following terms... 
     person is unable to work due to medical contraindications
  • PRELIMINARY AND PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS OF THE WORKERS
    Mandatory periodic medical examinations of workers are carried out for diagnosing early forms of illness and revealing the risk factors for occurrence of non-communicable diseases.
    Mandatory periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to occupational hazards aim a systematical monitoring of their health status for early detection of occupational diseases and general illnesses.
  • MANDATORY PRELIMINARY AND PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS OF THE WORKERS
     To mandatory periodic examinations are subjected:  Workers 18 - 40 years – every 5 years Workers 40+ years – every 3 years
     Workers under 18 years of age – every year
    •   Mandatory periodic examinations include:
    •   Anamnesis for clarification of work-related risk factors andhazards for development of non-communicable diseases
    •   Physical examination
    •   Anthropometric measurement – weight/height
    •   Blood pressure
    •   ECG
    •   Biochemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine incl. blood glucose, ketone bodies, hemoglobin, urobilinogen
  • Workers who are exposed to chemical hazards need extra examinations and tests – biochemical markers for exposition/effect – Ordinance No13/2003.
  • Employer is obliged to provide such examinations and tests to every worker who is exposed to chemical hazards over the allowed threshold limit concentrations.