stas midterm

• The study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

  Philosophy
• A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; a lack of hope or confidence in the future.

  Technological pessimism
• Group of traditionalist christian church fellowships with Swiss German and Anabaptist origins. Community with a common lifestyle: simple living, plain dress, and no technology.


  Amish
• Refers to the unending human ingenuity, or atleast human ingenuity with no foreseeable limit because human ingenuity is a necessary element though not sufficient factor in the condition of technological advanced.

  Technological optimism
• Examples of human ingenuity

  Systems, communication, technology, art.
• Laws, methods of government, transportation, education, healthcare.


  System
• Statistics, language, mathematical formulae, codes.

  Communication
• Buildings, machinery, tools. thought-principles, concepts, ideas, opinions, attitudes.

  Technology
• Painting, sculpture, embroidery, theatre, music.


  Art
• German philosopher whose work is associated with phenomelogy and existensialism. He begins "The Question Concerning Technology"


  Martin Heidegger 1889-1976
• The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first person point of view.


  Phenomenology
• The philosophical belief we are responsible for creating purpose or meaning in our own lives.


  Existensialism
• The nurses experience of giving an injection, he identifies as

  Phenomenon particular/perceived
• Best example of existensialism

  Field trip
• • A means to an end.
  • A human activity.
  • As a way of reaveling.

  Technology
• The manner in which being manifest itself in the age of technology. Allows human being to reveal reality standing reserve.


  Enframing
• One orders and puts a system to nature so it can be understood and better and controlled.

  Calculative thinking
• One lets nature reveal itself to him/her without forcing it.

  Meditative thinking
• Causa Materials or the Material Cause

  Silver
• Causa Formalis or the Formal 


  Form or shape
• Causa Finalis of the Final Cause

  Purpose
• Causa Efficiens or the Efficient Cause

  Agent Silversmith
• Technology can be viewed as a means to an end.

  Instrumental
• Technology can be viewed as a human activity.

  Anthropological
• Technology itself is not good or bad but the problem is that technological thinking has become the only form of thinking.

  According to Heidergger
• The essence of technology nowadays is enframing which means that everything in nature is standing reserve.
• The essence of technology is not something we make; it is amode of being, or of revealing. Means that technological things have their own novel kind of presence, endurance, and connections among parts and wholes. They have their own way of presenting themselves and the world in which they operate.
• The essence of technology is by no means anything technological
• • Technology brings about change causally.
  • The cause is what is responsible for the effect, and the effect is indebted to the cause.
  • Being responsible is an inducing to go forward.


  Causality
• • Underlies causality is a bringing out of concealment.
  • This revealing is what the greeks call truth. Technology brings forth.
  • This is seen in the way the greeks understood techne, which encompasses not only craft, but other acts of mind, and poetry.

  Bringing forth
• • It is not a bringing forth but a challenging forth.
  • It challenges nature, by extracting something form it and transforming it, storing it up, distributing it, etc.

  Modern technology
• • Modern technology takes all of nature to stand in reserve for its exploitation.
  • Man is challenged to do thid.
  • Man becomes the instrument of technology, to be exploited in the ordering of nature.

  Standing reserve
• • It is not a man that orders nature through technology, but a more basic process of revealing.
  • The actual is revealed as standing reserve.
  • This is historically prior to the development of science
  • The essence of technology.


  Enframing
• • Men are sent upon the way of revealing the actual as standing reserve.
  • A man to reveal nature carries with it the danger of misconstrual (a king of misinterpretation resulting from putting a wrong actions.)

  Destining
• • Man becoming merely party of the standing reserve. Alternatively he may find out himself in nature.
  • Most importantly, he may think that the ordering of the world through technology is the fundamental mode of revealing.So the real threat of technology comes from its essence, not its activities or products.

  Danger
• The rich countries should slow down in their consumption so that poor nations catch up.

  De-developing
• Estimates the biologically productive land and sea area needed to provide the renewable resources that a population consumes and to absorb the wastes it generates.


  Ecological footprint
• • People have different ideas of what constitutes the good life.
  • Wrong pursuits may lead to tragic consequences.
  • Correct pursuits may lead to flourising.
• The understandability of the good is based on the idea of what is good for the specific entity under consideration

  Aristotelean view
• All human activities aim at some good. Every art and human inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has been rightly declared as that at which all things aim.

  Nicomachean ethics 2:2