Unit 2

• Viral replication:

  -attachment proteins on its surface bind to complementary receptor proteins on the surface of a host cell

  
  

  -genetic material is released into host cell

  
  

  -gentic material and protein are replicated by host cell ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins/ nucleic acid

  
  

  Replicated viruses burst from host cell
• Preparation of a temporary mount:

  1. Obtain thin section of tissue

  2. Place plant tissue in a drop of water.

  3. Stain tissue iodine soloution on a slide to make structures visible.

  4. Add coverslip using mounted needle at 45° to

  avoid trapping air bubbles
• stages of mitosis are

  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
• The movement of substances across cell membranes is affected by membrane structure. Describe how

  
  

  • Phospholipid bilayer allows diffusion of nonpolar/lipid-soluble substances
  • Phospholipid bilayer prevents diffusion of polar/ charged/lipid-insoluble substances
  • Carrier proteins allow active transport
  • Channel/carrier proteins allow facilitated diffusion/co-transport
  • Shape/charge of channel / carrier determines which substances move
  • Number of channels/carriers determines how much movement
  • Membrane surface area determines how much diffusion
  • Cholesterol affects fluidity/rigidity/permeability
• nucleus

  A) Nuclear pore

  B) chromatin

  C) nucleolus

  D) nucleoplasm

  E) nuclear envelope

  
• chloroplast

  A) thylakoid

  B) granum

  C) ribosome

  D) stroma

  E) drop pf lipids

  F) chloroplast DNA

  G) Starch granule