Chapter 4

Cards (31)

  • It includes the power to self-govern and self-determine which course of action is necessary and important for a person.
    POSITIVE FREEDOM
  • It is the absence of external control, coercion, or oppressive powers that enable the individual to exercise freedom with authority and sovereignty.
    NEGATIVE FREEDOM
  • Power to be what you want and ability to decide and create yourself.
    Freedom
  • “war of every man against every man”

    According to him, human being are, by nature, greedy and selfish.
    THOMAS HOBBES AD 1568 - 1679
  • “All men and women are created equal by God.”
    According to him, freedom should be exercised by all human being since it is off the divine cradle.
    JOHN LOCKE AD 1632 - 1704
  • Who is the father of liberalism?
    John Locke
  • People give up a degree of freedom in exchange of security and protection
    Social Contract
  • “Pumili ng nakabubuti para sa mas nakararami." On liberty (1859)
    JOHN STUART MILL AD 1806 - 1873
  • The freedom to seek one’s own happiness is a _______ for every person and can only be violated if the effect of one’s freedom harms another person.
    Summum Bonum
  • “Greatest good for the greatest number of people.”
    Utilitarianism
  • The notion of freedom is quite difficult to distinguish from its?
    real self
  • What are the the keys to enlightened self?
    Mindfulness and conscientious effort
  • “Goodwill is the rational will of the individual.”
    Freedom based on his discourse on Moral Philosophy - Contemplates what is right and wrong.
    IMMANUEL KANT
  • “Men are born free, yet everywhere are in chains.”
    According to him, only a legitimate government that has the consent of the people can hold authority and empower the citizens to enter a social contract for the sake of Mutual Protection.
    JEAN - JACQUES ROUSSEAU
  • “Existence precedes essence.”
    “We are all doomed to be free”
    According to him, we are inherently free to make choices and determine our own paths in life.
    JEAN - PAUL SARTRE, 1905 - 1980
  • Existentialism is a Humanism. True or False?
    True, humans must exist first before he/she creates his/her essence.
  • What are the two that create an antimony that can be distinct as free will and incompatibilism?
    Freedom and determinism
  • All actions or events that occur are (directly or indirectly) influenced or conditioned by prior causes or reasons.

    DETERMINISM
  • What are the two major kinds of determinism?
    Hard determinism and soft determinism
  • Assumes that we are determined by certain factors or prior causes, yet we are at the same time free.
    COMPATIBILISM
  • Assumes that freedom and determinism are irreconcilable since all actions are causally determined either by natural law or certain preconditions that are found in society, environment, or family upbringing.

    INCOMPATIBILISM
    • Means freedom from external imperatives or any oppressive forces that restrict the individual. Capacity to choose in a certain situation.
    • Free to move wherever he/she goes.
    PHYSICAL FREEDOM
    • The capacity of the individual to choose anything when all the vital conditions are perceived and present in any given situation.
    • Also called freedom of choice.
    PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM
  • Capacity to choose the good and direct one’s action toward the good and avoid the wicked.
    MORAL FREEDOM
  • Is not just independence for social determinism; it is a particular way of appropriating or exercising of individualism assimilation of freedom in society.

    SOCIAL FREEDOM
    • Is often linked with the notion of liberty and autonomy.
    • Such civil liberties and natural rights, when executed and applied properly without any unjustified intervention by government, are deemed free and autonomous.
    POLITICAL FREEDOM
    • Being free implies assuming responsibility for one’s actions.
    • Being responsible implies being accountable for others as well.

    EXISTENTIAL FREEDOM
  • Doing “freely” what one wishes.
    SUBJECTIVE FREEDOM
  • This notion of freedom presupposes God's celestial gift to humanity. This also transcendental presumption of freedom inevitably creates an arbitrary representation of the human condition.
    TRANSCENDENTAL FREEDOM
  • This definition of freedom is strictly deterministic. This freedom does not exist; rather, it is just a misnomer.

    SCIENTISTIC FREEDOM
  • A political doctrine and strategy at the same time which highlights the views and sides of the public in a dishonest and cunning way.
    POPULIST FREEDOM