Health and Social Care

• Active participation

  A way of working that regards individuals as active partners in their care rather than passive recipients
• Unexpected life events

  Life events that happen unexpectedly and cannot be predicted, often having a greater impact on health, well-being and resilience
• Unexpected life events

  • Divorce
• Resilience

  An individual's ability to successfully adapt to life tasks and experiences in adverse conditions
• Chronic conditions

  Long-term conditions that are usually long-lasting, develop, and potentially worsen over time
• Chronic conditions


  • Crohn's disease
• Mindfulness

  An integrative mind-body-based approach that helps individuals better manage their thoughts, feelings and mental health, involving paying more attention to the present moment
• Developmental norms

  The typical skills and expected level of achievement associated with a particular stage of development
• Developmental norms

  • Weaning 3-4 months
  • Walking 12-18 months
• Growth mindset

  A belief that someone can learn and improve by way of a consistent culture of high expectations and quality feedback
• Acute conditions

  Short-term conditions that usually occur suddenly, have immediate or rapidly developing symptoms and are limited in their duration
• Expected life events

  Life events that happen to most individuals and can be predicted, which means that they can plan for them happening and therefore manage their effects
• Expected life events


  • Starting school
• ACES - Adverse Childhood Experiences

  • Domestic abuse in the family home
  • Drug abuse
  • Losing house
  • Parents separating
  • Alcoholic dad
• Active participation is a way of working that regards individuals as active partners in their care rather than passive recipients.
• PIES

  • Physical
  • Intellectual
  • Emotional
  • Social
• Life stages

  • Infancy 0-2
  • Childhood 3-12
  • Adolescence 13-19
  • Adulthood 20-64
  • Later Adulthood 65+
• Gross motor skills

  Movements that use large muscle groups such as the head and torso etc.
• Fine motor skills

  Precise and sophisticated movement that requires the coordination of small muscle groups.
• Growth

  Increase in physical size; mass and height
• Development

  Emergence and increase in sophistication of skills, abilities and emotions
• Measurements used to measure growth in infants

  • Weight
  • Length
  • Head circumference
• Physical factors affecting growth, development and well-being

  • Genetic inheritance such as eye colour. Medical conditions and illnesses such as cystic fibrosis and Down syndrome
  • Diet, nutrition and hydration - breastfeeding, bottle feeding and weaning
  • Amount of physical activity
  • Opportunity for play
  • Illnesses or diseases
  • Disabilities
• Environmental factors affecting growth, development and well-being

  • Housing conditions
  • Availability of health and social care and childcare services
  • Pollution
  • Noise
  • Radiation, air, water - e.g. sewage
• Economic factors affecting growth, development and well-being

  • Income
  • Clothing
  • Ability to buy healthier food and have a healthier diet
  • Material possessions (wants vs needs)
• Social and emotional factors affecting growth, development and well-being

  • Gender
  • Family
  • Relationships
  • ACEs
  • Abuse
  • Educational experiences
  • Employment - e.g benefits vs adverse effects associated with unemployment
  • Cultural and racial diversity - e.g. benefits & challenges of living in a multicultural society
• Types of abuse

  • Emotional
  • Physical
  • Sexual
  • Psychological
  • Neglect
• Effects of noise pollution

  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • High blood pressure
  • Disrupted sleeping patterns
  • Hearing loss
• Effects of poor living conditions

  • Damp - respiratory problems
  • Overcrowding - anxiety, depression & stress
  • Poor heating - colds, flu & poor health
  • No open space - lower fitness levels from lack of exercise
• Physical benefits of exercise

  • Reduces risk of conditions such as heart disease, stroke & type II diabetes
  • Reduced risk of physical health problems - the body adapts to stress such as heart disease, high blood pressure, lowered immune response, depression & anxiety
  • Healthier organs - heart muscle, lower blood pressure
  • Stronger bones - lower risk of osteoporosis
  • Builds muscle - raising metabolic rate
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • More energy
  • Improves sleep quality
  • Maintains mobility
  • Wards off viruses
  • Manages chronic pain
• Social and emotional benefits of exercise

  • Inclusion - make new friends and connect with different people
  • Having fun
  • Being happy
  • Individuals feel part of a group - which reduces isolation
• Mental health benefits of exercise

  • Reduced anxiety
  • Happier moods - releases endorphins, domain and serotonin
  • Reduce symptoms of stress
  • Creates a greater sense of calmness and able to think more clearly
  • Increases self-esteem - body improves, sense of achievement
  • Reduce the risk of depression
  • Boost decision-making skills
  • Promotes growth of new nerve cells & blood vessels
  • Improves memory
• What can exercise do to a growing brain?


  • Retain more physical skills-motor memory
  • Improve grades
  • The brain will be able to act quicker
  • The brain will be able to work harder
  • Release the hormone norepinephrine to boost memory
• Effects of mindfulness

  • Decrease stress
  • Reduce anxiety
  • Integrating emotions
  • Relieves chronic pain
  • Calming the emotions
  • Increased immune function
  • Lowers the heart rate
  • Increases attention & focus
  • Increases brain function
  • Increases awareness
• Benefits of active participation

  • Greater control over decisions
  • Increased opportunities for learning and development of important skills and knowledge
  • Education and Employment
  • Social contact & interpersonal relationships
  • Participating in everyday activities that are important to them - Independence
  • Enhanced feeling of sf-worth and confidence
  • Decreased vulnerability & scope for abuse by others
  • Improved physical health, mental health & resilience
• Early intervention and prevention - screening

  • Breast screening
  • Cervical cancer screening
  • Bowel cancer screening
  • Abdominal aortic aneurism screening
  • Maternal screening
  • PCHR - red book
  • Newborn hearing
  • Newborn bloodspot
• Early intervention and prevention - services

  • GP
  • Health centre
  • Hospitals
  • Antenatal care
  • Postnatal care
  • Child health clinic
  • Well women clinic
  • Well man clinic
  • Family planning clinic
  • Sexual health clinic
  • Mobile services
  • Counselling
• Early intervention and prevention - government initiatives

  • Flying start
• Early intervention and prevention - immunisation

  • Rotavirus
  • 6-in-1
  • Pneumococcal PCV
  • Hib
  • Men C
  • Children's flu
  • MMR
  • 4-in-1 Pre-school
  • HPV
  • Flu
  • Shingles
• Impacts of life events - Physical

  • Disturbed eating - illness & stress
  • Disturbed sleeping - illness & stress