Health Assessment Exam 3

• There are 206 bones in the body

  The are split into the axial and appendicular skeleton

  Functions of bones:

  • Provide support/protection
  • Allow for movement of muscle mass
  • Provide for formation of blood cells
• Two types of Bone

  Compact: hard & dense

  • shaft, outer layer

  Spongy: numerous spaces

  • ends and centers of the bones
• 3 types of muscles

  skeletal, smooth and cardiac
• Joints are the place of union of bones
• 3 types of joints

  Synovial: freely moveable

  Nonsynovial Cartilaginous: slightly moveable

  Nonsynovial Fibrous: immovable
• Flexion: decrease angle of joint
• Extension: increase angle of joint
• Abduction: move away from mid-line
• Adduction: move toward mid-line
• Rotation: movement of limb around its axis
• Circumduction: circular movement of a limb
• Inversion & Eversion: cause to move inward or outward
• Supination & pronation: palms face up or down respectively
• Dorsiflexion & plantar flexion: toes toward the nsoe or toward the floor respectively
• Ligaments attach bone to bone
• Tendons attach muscle to bone
• Hypertrophy

  
• Atrophy

  
• Range of motion: the number of degrees of movement that a joint can make
• Scoliosis

  
• Kyphosis

  
• Lordosis

  
• Tests for Carpal Tunnel

  Phalen's Test: hold hands back to back for 1 min. Causes numbness and burning if positive for carpal tunnel

  Tinel's Test: Tap median nerve. Causes burning or tingling if positive carpal tunnel
• Phalen's Test for Carpal Tunnel

  
• Tinel's Test for Carpal Tunnel

  
• Evaluating Spines

  
• Forward Flexion and Hyperextension of shoulders

  
• Abduction and Adduction of the shoulders

  
• Internal rotation/Adduction of the shoulders

  
• External rotation/Abduction of the shoulders

  
• Flexion and Extension of the elbow

  
• Supination and Pronation of the elbow

  
• Flexion and Hyperextension of the wrist

  
• Radial and Ulnar deviation of the wrist

  
• Flexion of the hips

  
• Internal and External rotation of the hips

  
• Abduction and Adduction of the hip

  
• Flexion and extension of the knee

  
• Testing for Effusion (Fluid)

  1. Bulge sign - small effusion
  2. Ballottement - large effusion
• Bulge sign - small effusion