GCSE re paper 1

• Catechism


  The official teaching of the Catholic Church
• Trinity


  The belief that God exists as three persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit
• The Bible teaches to worship one God which exists at three persons
• God the Father


  • Shows God has love and care over his creation and will protect people
• God the Son (Jesus)


  • God sacrificed his only Son for humans to have eternal life, and also shows God's creativity
• God the Holy Spirit


  • Helps to explain Jesus's teachings and is the presence of God in the world
• The Trinity is the main belief of the Nicene Creed
• The Trinity shows that God is beyond us, with us, and in us
• In the Bible, the Old Testament shows God the Father speaking the word to create the world and the Holy Spirit hovering over creation, while the New Testament shows Jesus's baptism with the Father and Holy Spirit present
• Heresies like adoptionism and Arianism go against the Trinity by denying the divinity of Jesus
• In Genesis, God created the universe in six days and gave humans authority over the world, showing God's power and love
• Views on Genesis


  • Fundamentalist Protestants believe it is factually correct, rejecting the Big Bang and evolution
  • Liberal Protestants believe Genesis is people's words, not God's, and accept the Big Bang and evolution
• Humans


  • Created in God's image, with free will, conscience, and self-knowledge
  • Each human is unique and has rights like food, shelter, and healthcare
• Dominion


  Power and authority over the earth given to humans by God
• Stewardship


  Humans should look after the earth and not exploit it, to pass it on to future generations
• Humanists believe in science and that people need to care for the planet, while some atheists believe people should use the world as they want
• Incarnation


  Where God became human as Jesus, who had a virgin birth and was fully human and fully divine
• Paschal Mystery


  The death and resurrection of Jesus, including the Last Supper, Garden of Gethsemane, trials, crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension
• The Paschal Mystery brings salvation from sin because Jesus offered himself for our salvation and promises Christians resurrection and ascension into heaven
• Original Sin


  Where humans from Adam and Eve sinned by eating the forbidden fruit, washed away at baptism
• Personal Sin


  The consequences of sinning from humans' own actions, which separates a person from God
• Grace


  Undeserved mercy from God that gives strength to be good and holy, received through sacraments and Christian living
• Evangelical Protestants believe that if you don't confess faith in Jesus, you can't be saved from sin
• Eschatology


  Beliefs about the final judgement and life after death, where the perfectly purified go to heaven, those with unforgiven sins go to purgatory, and the very evil go to hell
• Eschatology is important to Catholics as it shows the need to live a good Christian life and avoid sin to get into heaven, giving life meaning and purpose
• Evangelical Protestants believe that on the final judgement day, only born-again Christians will go to heaven, while everyone else will go to hell
• Catechism


  The official teaching of the Catholic Church
• Sacraments


  Outward signs of inward gift of grace given by God
• Seven sacraments


  • Baptism
  • Confirmation
  • Eucharist
  • Reconciliation
  • Anointing of the Sick
  • Marriage
  • Holy Orders
• Baptism


  1. Priest pours water over child

  2. Washes away original sin

  3. Person is baptized in the name of the Trinity
• Confirmation


  1. Person renews baptismal vows

  2. Priest puts hand on person

  3. Person is anointed with chrism
• Eucharist


  Person is given bread and wine which represents the body and blood of Jesus
• Reconciliation


  1. Priest forgives person's sins

  2. Person admits responsibility and is told not to sin again
• Anointing of the Sick

  1. Priest lays hand on sick person

  2. Anoints with oil

  3. Prays and gives Holy Communion
• Sacramental nature of reality

  Catholics believe the first five sacraments are needed for salvation
• Marriage


  1. Bible readings

  2. Prayers

  3. Homily

  4. Exchange of vows
• Holy Orders


  1. Bishop lays hands on person

  2. Person is given chrism
• Most Protestants believe only baptism and the Eucharist are needed for salvation because they were the only ones demonstrated by Jesus
• Liturgical worship


  Mass uses a service book, set prayers and rituals in the same format every time
• Parts of the Mass


  • Introductory Rite
  • Penitential Rite
  • Liturgy of the Word
  • Eucharist
  • Concluding Rite