Psychology Unit 1

• Wilhem Wundt:

  • father of psychology
  • studied the sense, reaction time, attention span, + emotions
• William James:

  • functionalism
  • taught first psych course at Harvard
  • first psychology textbook
  • got women into psychology
• G. Stanley Hall

  • made first psychology lab
  • first American to get a PHD in psychology
  • First president of the American Psychological Association
• Mary Whiton Calkins

  • first female president of the American Psychological Association
  • did memory research
• Margaret Floy Washburn

  • did animal research
  • first female to earn a psychological degree
  • second female president of the APA
• Charles Darwin:

  • natural selection
  • argued that our bodies were shaped through natural selection
  • shaped evolutionary psychology
• Dorothea Dix:

  • reshaped the medical field
  • highlighted the inhumane treatment of those who are medically ill
  • help reinform insane asylums
• Sigmund Freud:

  • psychoanalytic theory --> psychodynamic theory
  • studied the unconscious mind
  • believed that peoples personality were created by the unconscious mind
• Ivan Pavlov:

  • reflex conditioning --> classical conditioning
  • dog experiment
• Jean Piaget

  • studied cognitive development
  • theory of cognitive development for children
• Carl Rogers:

  • Research on people and their personality
  • humanistic psychology
• John B. Watson:

  • founder of behaviorism
  • believed that psychology should be a scientific study
• Structuralism:

  • observing your different states of consciousness in different parts
  • uses introspection
• Functionalism:

  • Understanding how different structures work together and impact eachother
  • understanding mental + behavioral processes
• Gestalt:

  • looking at the whole conciousness
  • focuses on organizational process instead of just behavior
  • study of perception, sensation, learning, and problem solving
• Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic:

  • Looks at behaviors and mental processes and how they are influenced by the ego and conflict with the Id and Superego
  • unconsciousness
  • free association
• Introspection:

  • process of observing yourself; conscious
• Free association:

  • word/image triggers another idea, word, or picture (unconsciousness)
• Early behaviorism:

  • behaviors learned through experienced and observations
  • through classical conditioning and operant conditioning
• Humanistic:

  • goal to life is self-actualization
  • humans seek to reach their full potential through free will
• Sociocultural:

  • studies the impact of a person's culture, nationality, religion, gender, social norms, and other cultural aspects on a personals behavior and mental processes
• Evolutionary Approach:

  • studies how behaviors and mental processes of today exist due to natural selection
• Biological Approach:

  • looks at how different structures of the brain and nervous system operate
  • trying to understand the link between our biological and psychological processes
• Cognitive Approach:

  • looks at attitude, memories, perceptions, and expectations and how they influence the behaviors and mental processes of individuals
• Biopsychosocial Approaches:

  • studies a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and their impact on a person's health
  • combines the sociocultural approach and the biological approach
• Basic Research: builds psychologys knowledge base

  • biological
  • cognitive
  • developmental
  • educational
  • personality
  • social
  • positive
  • psychometric
• Applied Research: taking on practical problems

  • industrial-organizational
  • counseling
  • clinical
• Counselors:

  helps individuals cope with challenges in life like schoolwork
• Psychiatrist:

  • provides psychotherapy
  • medical doctors that can provide drugs and treat psychological disorders
• Psychometric:

  • measures a person’s knowledge, skills, and problem-solving abilities needed to work ina specific field
• Biological:

  • studies the connections between the body and mind
• Personality:

  • studies individuals feelings, actions, and overall characteristics
• Clinical:

  • helps treat people with psychological disorders
• Cognitive:

  • study how people think, solve problems, and percieve the world
• Developmental:

  • studies how people's physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout their life span
• Industrial-Organization:

  • focuses on understanding how to optimize human behavior in a work place
  • ex. be more productive
• Social:

  • how individuals, society, and culture impact individuals
• Positive:

  • positive domains that focus on studying what makes life worth living
• Counseling:

  • seeks to help people overcome and cope with different life challenges
• Educational:

  • focuses on understanding how people learn in different settings and with different instructional methods