Pharm-EXAM#4

• albuterol (Inhalation Aerosol)


  Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists
• Serevent (accuhaler) - Salmeterol xinafoate


  Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists
• theophylline


  Xanthine Derivatives
• Qvar


  Intranasal Steroids
• Singulair (Montelukast)


  Leukotriene Modifiers
• Cromolyn Sodium (nasal sol)

  Mast cell stabilizer
• Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)


  First-Generation Antihistamines
• Claritin (loratadine)


  Second Generation Antihistamine
• Hydrochlorothiazide


  Thiazide Diuretic
• Lasix (furosemide)


  Loop Diuretic
• Aldactone (Spironolactone)


  Potassium Sparing Diuretic
• Acetazolamide (Diamox)


  Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
• Mannitol


  Osmotic Diuretics
• Ipratropium Bromide


  Cholinergic Blocking Drugs
• Atenolol


  Beta-Adrenergic Blocking
• Losartan-Potassium


  Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists/Blocker
• Aliskiren (Tekturna)


  Direct Renin Inhibitors
• Carvedilol (Coreg)


  Alpha/Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
• Nifedipine (Procardia)


  Calcium Channel Blockers
• Captopril


  Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• Eplerenone


  Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists
• Atorvastatin


  HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
• Gemfibrozil (Lopid)


  Fibric Acid Derivatives
• Clonidine


  Antiadrenergic Drugs (centrally Acting)
• Prazosin (Minipress)


  Antiadrenergic Drugs (Peripherally Acting)
• 1st Line of Body’s Defense

  Upper Respiratory System
• Histamine produces:


  Allergens/pollens
• IntraNASAL Steroids:


  •inhibit response of mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages

  •reduces histamine
• IntraNASAL Steroids USES: 


  Rhinitis(allergic/non-allergic)

  nasal polyps

  chronic sinusitis
• Antihistamines:


  blocks MOST effects of histamine

  -prevents histamine from entering receptor site.
• 1st Generation Antihistamines: (Benadryl)


  -results in CNS stimulation

  -depression

  (antipuritic)
• 2nd Generation Antihistamines: (Claritin/Zurotec)


  -less sedating

  -loratadine

  -ceterzine
• Decongestants: (Sudafed)


  -vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of nasal membrane

  [blurred vision]

  •Phenylephrine
• Antitussives: (Codeine/Desolyn)


  -depresses cough in medulla

  •Benzonites; synthesizes w/ stress receptor
• Expectorants: (Guaifenesin)


  -increases production of respiratory secretions

  -decreases mucous viscosity
• Mucolytics: (Acetylcysteine)


  -reduces viscosity of secretions by direct action on mucous.

  -helps Tylenol overdose
• -lytics

  to break down
• Upper Respiratory System Drugs

  • Intranasal steroids
  • Antihistamines (1st/2nd generation)
  • Decongestants
  • Antitussives
  • Expectorants
  • Mucolytics
• Intranasal steroids


  First line treatment for symptoms of allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis; reduces inflammatory response
• Antihistamines


  Block most but not all histamine effects; provide relief of allergy symptoms, allergic/vasomotor rhinitis, mild angioneurotic edema, urticaria, relief of allergic reactions, relief of cough caused by cold/allergy