MIGRATION

• 793


  first recorded Viking attack on the monastery of Lindisfarne
• 850


  Vikings begin to settle in England instead of just raiding it
• 866


  city of York is captured by Vikings
• 870

  Vikings conquer the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Northumbria, East Anglia and most of mercia
• 871


  Alfred becomes king of Wessex - largest unconquered Anglo-Saxon kingdom
• 876


  Viking leader Guthrum launches an invasion of Wessex
• 878


  Alfred defeats the Vikings at the Battle of Eddington

  • Guthrum agrees to convert to Christianity
  • Alfred signs Danelaw (allowing Vikings to live peacefully in the east of the country)
• 880s


  3 things Alfred did as King:

  1. built burhs around the country against future viking attacks
  2. encouraged learning
  3. Anglo-Saxon leaders recognised Alfred as their "overlord"
• 927


  Alfreds grandson reconquers Northumbria from the vikings
• Push factors for the vikings

  • poor land/soil
  • lack of land for younger sons
• Pull factors for vikings

  • gold and slaves
  • lots of good land
• SHORT TERM SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VIKINGS

  • viking attacks on england caused death and disruption over englands coastlines
  • attacks lead to destruction of many anglo-saxon kingdoms
  • alfred defeating the vikings prevented further conquest and expansion
• LONG TERM SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VIKINGS

  • assimilation of words into english "thursday"
  • intermarriage lead to mixing of cultures
  • country became united under viking attack
• 959

  Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of the Anglo-Saxons
• 991

  • Sven Forkbeard leads a Viking invasion of England winning the battle of Maldon
  • Aethelred pays the vikings 3000kg of silver as danegeld to get them to leave
• 1002

  • Aethelred marries the Duke of Normandys sister Emma to stop Normandy being used as a base to attack England
  • Aethelred carries out St Brives Day massacre, a mass killing of vikings, killing Forkbeards sister
• 1013


  Forkbeard conquers England
• 1014


  Forkbeard dies and his son Cnut becomes King - only for Aethelred to return and overthrow Cnut
• 1016 NOV


  Cnut defeats Edmund at the Battle of Assandun
• 1035


  Cnuts son Harthacnut becomes king
• 1042


  Harthacnut dies and his Norman half brother "Edward the Confessor" becomes King (son of Emma of Normandy and Aethelred)
• SHORT TERM SIGNIFICANCES OF CNUTS EMPIRE

  • Cnut executed disloyal Anglo-Saxon landowners and replaced them with Danes to secure his control
  • Cnut transferred some of the wealth he captured in England to Denmark
  • England became part of Cnuts empire and experienced a period of peace and stability
• LONG TERM SIGNIFICANCES OF CNUTS EMPIRES

  • Cnuts marriage to Emma allowed her so Edward the Confessor to come to power in 1042 and created a connection to Normandy
  • Cnuts conquest meant there was an ongoing Viking connection to england
• SEPT 1066

  Battle of Stanford Bridge - Harold Godwinson defeats an invasion by the Viking claimant Harold Hardrada
• OCT 1066

  William launches an invasion of England - defeating and killing Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings
• FIVE WAYS THE NORMAN CONQUEST CHANGED ENGLAND

  1. new ruling class - William gave land to his loyal barons and knights from Normandy
  2. castles - 500 were built
  3. language - Williams court spoke French becoming the language of power, hundreds of French words like parliament and soldier became part of English
  4. Anglo-saxons became second class citizens
  5. French connection
• SHORT TERM SIGNIFICANCE OF NORMAN CONQUEST

  • about 200,000 people were killed in the conquest and its aftermath
  • normans introduced castles
  • normans built hundreds of abbeys and cathedrals across the country
• LONG TERM SIGNIFICANCES NORMAN CONQUEST

  • England became of Normandys power
  • French words assimilated into English
  • rulers of england spoke French and Anglo-saxons became second class citizens
• 1087


  William the Conqueror dies
• 1106

  Henry I seizes Normandy
• 1202-5 


  King Phillip II of France declares war seizes control of Normandy and Anjou
• 1216


  King john dies - Avengins have lost all French territories except for Gascony
• 1214

  • English barons go into rebellion against John
  • King John signs the Magna Carta guaranteeing the barons and the churchs certain rights
• SHORT TERM SIGNIFICANCES OF THE ANGEVINS

  • Henry II's rule the Angevin empire doubled in size
  • Henry II's rule brought peace and stability after a 20 year civil war between Stephen of Blois and Matilda
  • Henry II became the first recognised King of Ireland
• LONG TERM SIGNIFICANCES OF ANGEVINS

  • Magna Carta gave English subjects written rights for the first time
  • loss of land under King John led to a desire for revenge and reconquest - a major cause for the Hundred Year War with France form 1337-1453
  • Henry II's seizure of Ireland in 1171 was the beginning of hundreds of years of invasion and interference by England in Ireland
• 1337

  Edward III claimed the throne of France and declared war because....

  • Edward fears loss of Gascony and wine income
  • Fear of loss of wool trade Flanders
  • Edward has claim to the throne - he is the grandson of French king
  • French support Scottish against Edward
• 1346


  Battle of Crecy - first major use of longbow, English capture Calais
• 1356

  Battle of Poiters - English capture French king, his son and half of French nobility. English ransom 40% of France
• 1369-89


  French win back most of the territory
• 1413

  Henry V becomes king