UCSP 4 ,,

• Charles Horton Cooley proposed the Looking Glass Self Theory, which states that a person’s sense of self is actually derived from the perception of others as we perceive ourselves on how other people think of us.
• George Herbert Mead proposed the Role-taking Theory wherein the development of social awareness is traced to our early social interaction
• Social Control refers to the set of means to ensure that people generally behave in expected and approved ways.
• · Internal Social Control refers to the socialization process that developed within the individual as we do things when we know it is the right thing to do.

  Example: People will not kill for they know it’s wrong.

   
• · External Social Control refers to social sanctions or the system of rewards and punishments designated to encourage desired behavior.

  Example: Giving high grades to students who evidently study hard.

  Imprisonment for those who do crimes.
• · Innovation – rejecting the use of socially accepted means to achieve success Examples: theft, burglary, embezzlement, etc.
• · Ritualism – rejecting the importance of success goals but continue to toil as conscientious and diligent workers

  Examples: A teacher goes to class without any concern for his students.

  An employee who goes to work without any concern for the quality of his work.
• · Retreatism – Withdrawal from the society and does not care about success Examples: alcoholics, drug addicts, gambler
• · Rebellion – Attempts to change the goals and means of society Examples: terrorists, leftist, guerrillas
• Human Dignity


  Something that can't be taken away
• Catholic Social Teaching states that each and every person has value, are worthy of great respect, and must be free from slavery, manipulation, and exploitation
• Human Dignity


  • It is the basis of fundamental human rights
  • It is inviolable and must be respected and protected
  • It constitutes the basis of fundamental rights in international law
• 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights: 'recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world'
• The dignity of the human person is part of the substance of any right protected by international human rights law
• The dignity of the human person must be respected, even where a right is restricted
• Human dignity


  It goes to the heart of human identity, including a gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and intersex identity
• Without dignity none of the protections of the various legal human rights mechanisms can have real meaning
• The concept of human dignity has held, and continues to hold, a central place in the international human rights framework
• Human Rights are inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent, and indivisible.

   
• Common Good


  In tribal notion, has served as the moral justification of most social systems and of all tyrannies in history
• The degree of a society's enslavement or freedom


  Corresponded to the degree to which the tribal slogan of the Common Good was invoked or ignored
• Common Good


  Also referred to as the public interest
• The Common Good is an undefined and undefinable concept
• The only possible meaning of the Common Good, taken literally, is the sum of the good of all the individual men involved
• As a moral criterion, the concept of the Common Good is meaningless, as it leaves an open question of what is the good of individual men and how does one determine it
• Socialization refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn the culture
•  Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.
• Goals of Socialization

  1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience.

  2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles – occupation roles, gender roles, and roles of institutions such as marriage and parenthood.

  3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.
• Mead and the Development of the Social Mind (Self)

  The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to George Herbert Mead, it develops through social interactions – a set of situations where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each situation. His “I/Me” duality reinforces the purely sociological facets of the self. The “I/Me” is best captured by the cliché “put yourself in another person’s shoes.”
• Stage of Development of the Self

  1. Imitation

  2. Play

  3. Game

  4. Generalized Others
• Imitation


  The child starts with mimicking behaviors and actions of significant others around him or her
• Play


  The child takes different roles he or she observes in "adult" society, and plays them out to gain an understanding of the different social roles
• Game


  The child must take the role of everyone else involved in the game. In the game stage, the organization begins and definite personalities start to emerge
• Generalized Others


  Children begin to function in organized groups, and most importantly, to determine what they will do within a specific group
• Identity Formation is the development of an individual’s distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized or known. This process defines individuals to others and themselves
• Self-concept is the sum of a person’s knowledge and understanding of his or herself.
• Socialization


  A lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn the culture
• Enculturation


  The process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture
• Goals of Socialization


  • Teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a conscience
  • Teaches individuals how to prepare for and perform certain social roles
  • Cultivates shared sources of meaning and value
• Self


  A sociological concept that develops through social interactions - a set of situations where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each situation