4 stages

• stage 1 - birth to first few weeks


  asocial stage - behaviour towards humans and non humans is similar but babies show a preference for familiar adults (easier to calm)

  -happier in the presence of other humans
• stage 2 - 2-7 months


  indiscriminate attachment - display more observable social behaviour

  -dont usually show seperation or stranger anxiety
• stage 3 - from 7 months


  specific attachment - start to show stranger anxiety

  -anxious when separated from their specific attachment - who offers reciprocity
• stage 4 - from 10 months


  multiple attachments - form multiple attachments with other adults with whom they spend time with
• AO3 - 60 glasgow babies


  -between 25-32 weeks 50% showed signs of separation anxiety towards a specific attachment

  -by 10 months 30% displayed multiple attachments
• AO3 - problems studying the asocial stage


  babies are young, have poor coordination and are almost immobile

  =difficult to make judgements based on observations of behaviour
• AO3 - multiple attachments not clear

  not clear when multiple attachments are formed, just after the specific attachment.

  -bowlby found that babies have playmates aswell as attachments that they also show distress for if they leave but they are not attached (no way to distinguish behaviour)
• AO3 - cultural factors, collectivist vs individualist


  some cultures believe babies form multiple attachments from birth as multiple caregivers are the norm

  collectivist families do everything together