World Issues Unit 2

• colonialism: one country takes over another country and controls it
• reasons for colonialism: industrial revolution, european superiority, nationalism, missionary impulses
• scramble for africa: racing to have a piece of africa for resources
• conflict in africa: colonialism led to increased volatility, and geopolitical conflicts
• challenges for africa: africans had everything taken from them including their traditional ways of life. this affected their development
• south africa colonialism: racial segregation and discrimination
• madagascar colonialism: political crisis
• dem. rep. of the congo colonialism: ongoing conflict
• food security: ensuring everyone has safe, nutritious food
• A’s to food security: accessibility, availability, adequate, acceptable
• acute category: sever hunger , lives are threatened
• occasional category: occurs due to specific temporary circumstances
• chronic category: food need is constant (long term)
• people undernourished: 1 billion
• critera used on GHI: proportion of people who are energy deficient, prevalence of underweight children under age 5, under 5 mortality rate
• areas scoring the highest GHI: South Asia, Africa
• reason for low arable land: climate
• relationship between GDP for agriculture and country’s development: higher % of GDP from agriculture, lower development level
• Equatorial Regions: warm and humid throughout the year
• Mid- Latitude regions: experiences seasons
• Countries on brink of famine: Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Yemen
• Stage 1: constant quality and quantity food available
• Stage 2: barely adequate diet
• Stage 3: limited food choices
• Stage 4: access to 3 or fewer food groups
• Stage 5: access to 1-2 food groups
• green revolution created : new chemical fertilizers and pesticides
• green revolution founder: Norman Borlaug
• Methods used in green revolution: modern machines, pesticides and fertilizers, multiple cropping system
• effects of green revolution: increase in production, capitalistic farming, economic growth
• green revolution benefits: producing larger quantities of food, ability to grow more on the same amount of land
• green revolution issues: pollution, harmful for farmers, erosion of soil
• GMO’s: Genetically modified organisms
• main crops of GMO: corn, cotton, soybeans
• 100 mile diet: A way of eating food produced within 100 miles
• “fair trade” in africa: a system that helps create better trading conditions and promotes sustainability
• green revolution minimal affect in africa: cannot afford the machinery, seeds and fertilizers
• biotech: biology and technology
• concerns of biotech: safety and environmental impact
• biotech using organisms: makes and modify products, improve plants and animals, crossing natural divides between species