long test

• Acculturation


  Learning the culture of another society
• Agents of Socialization


  • Mass media
  • Peers
  • Religion
  • Educational institutions
  • Family
• Agents of Socialization


  Teach members of society how to act or behave properly
• Patterns of Social Interaction

  • In groups, the constant interaction of its members creates patterns of behavior
• Patterns of behavior in culture

  • Arts
  • Beliefs
  • Values
• Culture


  Susceptible to change, at times unstable and contested
• Language


  Consists of signs, symbols, and gestures with attached meanings that members of society share. These meanings may differ from one culture to the next
• Language


  A cultural tool that was used in order to get things done
• Feral children


  Young individuals who did not undergo socialization
• Culture


  That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
• Ethnocentrism


  The tendency to believe that one's culture is superior or above other cultures. In short, it considers one's own culture as the center of everything
• White Man's Burden


  Belief that the whites have the duty to save the nonwhites from being savage and uncivilized. Used by the white colonizers to justify colonization
• Xenocentrism


  The tendency to look at other culture as better than one's own, resulting in feelings of inferiority
• Cultural relativism


  A specific culture should only be viewed in the context of its own cultural standards. Every culture is unique and equal; therefore, each should be respected
• Emic


  Understanding culture from the native's point of view
• Etic


  Links cultural practices to external factors that might not be important to cultural insiders
• Cultural relativism promotes awareness and understanding of cultural behaviors that are foreign to one's culture to combat ethnocentrism. However, whether a cultural practice is morally acceptable is a different issue altogether
• Ethnocentric beliefs may provide a sense of belongingness to the members of your culture, but they can be harmful. It is essential to employ cultural relativism to understand cultures outside of one's own
• Heritage


  Anything that is being passed down from one generation to another
• Cultural heritage


  A particular group's way of living that is passed down from one generation to another
• Simon Thurley's Heritage Cycle Diagram


  • Enjoying
  • Understanding
  • Valuing
  • Caring
• Categories of Cultural Heritage

  • Tangible
  • Intangible
• Tangible Heritage


  • Immovable
  • Movable
  • Natural
• Social Organizations


  The pattern of individual and group relations resulting from social interactions
• Social Group


  Two or more people who share enduring interaction and relationship resulting in similarities in values, beliefs, lifestyle, and attitudes
• Aggregate


  Quasigroup that possesses physical proximity but does not have enduring social interaction
• Category


  Assembly or gathering of people with common traits and interests. Does not need to be physically together or have interactions
• Primary Groups


  • Small social groups, personal and lasting relationships, tightly integrated groups with more commonalities, high sense of group identity, loyalty, and emotional ties
• Primary Groups


  Mold individuals into who they are and prepare them for society
• Secondary Groups


  • Large membership, impersonal relationships, no sense of group identity, exist to accomplish goals or objectives
• Daniel Everett regarded language as a cultural tool that was used in order to get things done.
• Language is the most important aspect of culture because it allows us to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others.
• Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a particular community or society.
• The concept of culture has evolved over time, from its origins in anthropology to its current use in various fields such as sociology, psychology, and linguistics.
• Young individuals who did not undergo socialization are called feral children
• Edward Tylor (1889), a British anthropologist, described culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
• White Man’s Burden is a belief that the whites have the duty to save the nonwhites from being savage and uncivilized.
• White Man's burden was used by the white colonizers to justify colonization.
• Franz Boas, a German-American anthropologist, introduced the concept of cultural relativism.
• Cultural relativism suggests that a specific culture should only be viewed in the context of its own cultural standards. In a way, every culture is unique and equal; therefore, each should be respected