Topic 14 Integumentary and Sensory Problems

• What is astigmatism?

  Uneven or irregular curvature of the cornea.
• What is presbyopia?

  Loss of accommodation associated with age.
• What is myopia?

  Nearsightedness and an inability to accommodate for objects at a distance.
• What is hyperopia?

  Farsightedness and an inability to accommodate for near objects.
• Ultasonography is used to assess the size and structure of the eye.
• Refractometry measures refractive error.
• The Amsler grid test monitors macular problems.
• Fluorescein angiography provides information about the blood flow through the retinal vessels.
• What is a deviation of eye position in one or more directions?


  Strabismus.
• Slight yellow casts of the sclera may be found in some dark skinned people or in the older adult from lipid deposition.
• What kind of degeneration is associated with central vision loss?

  Macular degeneration.
• What would you look out for with a patient that had a fluorescein angiography?

  Yellow discoloration of urine, yellow discoloration of skin, nausea and vomiting after the procedure.
• What is the most common cause of floaters and "spider web-like" images?

  Vitreous liquefaction.
• What are other causes of floaters and spider web like images that are not vitreous liquefaction?

  Tears in retina, hemorrhage in the vitreous humor.
• Pupils constrict when focusing on a nearer object.
• What gerontologic findings would you expect on an old person?

  Loss of hair pigment, increased lens rigidity, atrophy of corneal nerves.
• What is an eye infection with a small, white, superficial nodule along the lid margin and an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid indicate?

  Hordeolum.
• Visual distortion associated with an uneven cornea indicates what?

  Astigmatism.
• What is stereoscopic vision?

  Depth perception.
• What is presbyopia?

  Loss of accommodation due to increased lens rigidity.
• What is keratitis?

  Inflammation of the cornea.
• What surgery treats age related macular degeneration by destroying abnormal blood vessels without causing permanent damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells?

  Photodynamic therapy.
• What is a risk for retinal detachment?

  Age, diabetic retinopathy, severe myopia, history or family history of retinal detachment, eye trauma, aging macular degeneration.
• What is a chalazion?

  Chronic upper eyelid inflammation that evolves from a stye or hordeolum.
• Timolol maleate is contraindicated with which patients?

  Those with asthma and COPD.
• POAG develops slowly and without symptoms.
• What does POAG or primary open angle glaucoma cause?

  Gradual loss of vision starting at the peripheral.
• What is the procedure to treat corneal scars?

  Penetrating keratoplasty.
• What are corneal scars?

  Chronic inflammation of the corneal stroma.
• What are retinal tears treated by?

  Laser photocoagulation.
• What is chronic open angle glaucoma treated with?

  Argon laser trabeculoplasty.
• What is age related macular degeneration treated with?

  Photodynamic therapy.
• What is blepharitis?

  Inflammation of the eyelids with crusts on the lid margins.
• What are symptoms of blepharitis?

  Eyelid itching, irritation, light intolerance and crusty debris on the eyelid margins and lashes.
• What is exposure keratitis?

  Inflammation or infection of the cornea when the patient has exophthalmos.
• What is a vitreoctomy?

  Surgical removal of the vitreous to relieve traction on the retina caused by proliferative retinopathy.
• What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

  Dry eye disorder common in older adults that feels like sand in the eye.
• What would a patient be monitored for if they have retinal hemorrhages, anoxic cotton wool spots, and macular swelling in the eye?

  Blood pressure.
• What is Phakic IOL?

  Implantation of a contact lens in front of the natural lens.
• What is the most common cause of floaters?

  Vitreous liquefaction.