Sociology component 2

• Many of the reasons and inequalities that exist between genders, sexualities, ethnicities, disabled or non-disabled people, and age groups are broadly the same
• Key terms for gender differentiation

  • Patriarchy
  • Gender discrimination
  • Glass ceiling
  • Male gaze
  • Crisis of masculinity
• Patriarchy


  A male-dominated society where men have dominant power and control over women in various social institutions
• Gender discrimination


  Treating people differently and unfavourably based on their gender (sexism/misogyny)
• Women are estimated to get paid about 15% less than men for doing the same job, due to gender discrimination
• Patriarchy


  Overarching male-dominated structure that exists in society
• Gender discrimination


  Treating people differently and unfavorably based on their gender (sexism or misogyny)
• Women get paid about 15% less than men for doing the same job in the UK, despite laws against this</b>
• Glass ceiling


  Invisible barrier that prevents women reaching the top jobs and positions in society
• 85-90% of CEOs in the top 100 companies in the UK are men
• Male gaze


  The idea that most media is shot and produced through the eyes of men, often overly sexualizing women
• There is a crisis of masculinity, where men have lost their established identity and purpose in society
• Gender


  The norms and values associated with being a man or woman
• Sexuality


  Who someone is sexually attracted to
• Homosexuality legalized in England and Wales

  1967
• Age of consent for gay people aligned with heterosexual couples at 16

  2000
• Civil Partnership Act introduced, giving gay couples the same rights as married couples


  2005
• Equality Act introduced to bring about equality for women, different genders, sexualities, disabled people, ethnic minorities, and age groups

  2010
• Law allowing gay people to get married came into effect

  2014
• In the 1980s, the media scapegoated and created a moral panic around homosexuals during the AIDS crisis
• The media has more recently helped normalize and champion LGBTQ+ representation
• There are still higher rates of hate crimes and discrimination against non-heterosexual people in the UK
• Ethnicity


  The cultural group someone belongs to, including their nationality, language, religion, and way of life
• 82% of the UK population is white, with 18% being ethnic minorities or black and minority ethnic (BME/BAME) groups
• Racial discrimination/racism


  Individual or institutional discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity
• Medical model of disability


  Disability is seen as a problem with the disabled person that needs to be fixed
• Social model of disability


  Disability is seen as a problem with society that needs to be fixed to be more accessible
• Ageism


  Prejudice and discrimination based on age, assuming someone can or can't do certain things because of their age
• Disability discrimination


  Prejudice and discrimination against disabled people
• Income inequalities


  Disabled people and older/younger people tending to have lower incomes and be more likely to live in poverty
• Low status


  Disabled people and older/younger people being more likely to have low-paid, low-status jobs, leading to social exclusion
• Marginalization


  Disabled people and older/younger people feeling insignificant or left out of society
• Media representation


  How disabled people or older/younger people are portrayed in the media, e.g. as figures of fun
• Demonstrating or whatever it's the worst I've ever read but then what right so you've got a page of paper there uh you can see you've got the main bit here although you do your writing the bit on the sides there is the margin that's the bit that's unimportant it's the bit that you don't write in it's the bit you leave or that you might even tear off if you are pulling something out of the pad
• Marginalization


  You don't matter, you're off to the side, you get pushed away, you're not important. Society doesn't want to deal with you.
• There's a bunch of things they're all associated with the same thing
• Let's just have a think about the way the media might represent or show different disabled groups
• How disabled people or older ages appear in TV shows, YouTube channels, movies

  • Are they shown as figures of fun?
  • Are they things to pity?
  • Are they people that have an active important functional status driven role in society?
• The media may rely on stereotypes that disabled people are unable to do certain things, or that old people are slow, or that young people are rude
• Keywords in yellow there that you want to be thinking about if you were to talk about why there is differences in life chances between people of different age groups and we think of very old they're very young and also people who may have disabilities