UCSP

• Social Sanctions - when a person violates the behavioral norms of his/her society, he/she will be subjected to it
• (Types of Social Sanctions) 1) Formal Sanctions - are imposed through formal means by an institution (or representative) upon an individual or group (ex. fine, imprisonment, death)
• (Types of Social Sanctions) 2) Informal Sanctions - are actions in response to someone’s behavior that may serve to discourage noncomformity or encourgae conformity to a norm, rule, or law (ex. disapproval, deprivation, ridicule)
• Informal Sanction Scenario - Do not wear pure black on any wedding celebration/ceremony
• Informal Sanction Scenario - yelling at someone talking loudly in a movie theater
• Informal Sanction Scenario - No to teenage pregnancy
• Deviance - instances when some individual behave in contrast with what is expected of them
• Deviance- also defined as a violation of establish norms whether folkways, mores, ir norms
• Deviance - it is difficult to define because not everyone agrees on what should be considered deviant behavior (ex. homosexuals, prostitutes, drug addicts, criminals, divorce, too much make up, Filipinos)
• (Deviance) Range of Tolerance - a scope pf behaviors considered acceptable and defined as conformity (ex. honesty and politeness, bad haircut)
• Deviance Depends on 1) Time - Fashion and grooming change
• Deviance Depends on 2)Place - where behavior occurs determines whether it is appropriate or deviant
• Deviance Depends on 3) Situation - takes precedence over place in determining appropriateness of actions
• Deviance Depends on 4) Culture - most influential in defining deviance (ex. Us:Hand shake, Japan:Bow, Europe: Kiss on Cheek)
• (Types of Deviance) 1) Overconformity - also known as “positive deviance”, involves behavior that overconforms to social expectations (ex. anorexia nervosa, body builder, perfect students)
• (Types of Deviance) 2) Underconformity - also known as “negative deviance”, involves behavior that underconforms to social expectations people either reject, misinterpret, or are unaware of the norms (ex. obesity and unmotivated students)
• Sociologist view deviance as a violation of one or more societies most highly valued norms
• Reaction to deviance are usually negative and involve attempts to change or control the deviant behavior
• Social Control - ways to encourage conformity to society’s norms
• Social Control - without social conteol, social life would be too unpredictable and chaotic
• (Types of Social Control) 1) Internal Control - lies within the individual and is developed during tha socialization process (right or wrong)
• (Types of Social Control) 2) External Control - based on social sanctions (rewards and punishments) designed to encourage desired behaviors
• (Deviance of Crime) 1) Street Crime (1) Violents Crimes (murder, rape, robbery) (2) Property Crimes (theft, burglary, motor-vehicle)
• 1)Street Crime 2) Hate Crimes 3)White-Collar Crime 4) Corporate Crime (Tax Evasion) 5) Cybercrime 6) Organized Crime 7) Victimless Crime


  Deviance of Crime
• (Theoretical Perspectof Deviance) 1) Structural Functionalist Theory - theory that views society as a complex but orderly and stable system with interconnected structures and functions or socia patterns that pperate to meet the needa of individuals in a society
• (Structural Functionalist Theory) 1) Strain Theory 2) Control Theory
• Strain Theory - deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means
• (Robert K. Merton’s Typology of Deviance) 1) Innovation 2) Ritualism 3) Retreatism 4) Rebellion
• (Robert K. Merton’s Typology of Deviance) 1) Innovation - individual accepts goal of succes but uses illegal means to achieve it
• (Robert K. Merton’s Typology of Deviance) 2) Ritualism - individual rejects goal of success but continues to “go through the motions” without believing in the process
• (Robert K. Merton’s Typology of Deviance) 3) Retreatism - individual rejwcts both legitimate means and approved goals (give up on life)
• (Robert K. Merton’s Typology of Deviance) 4) Rebellion - individual rejects both success and the approved means for achieving it, substitues their own goal and means to achieve it
• Control Theory - complianxe with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society
• Social Bond Theory - some people do not commit deviance because they have developed,m a strong social bond, consisting of an attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief to parents, school, church, etc.
• (Social Bond Theory) 1) Attachment - stronger your attachment to the group or individual, more likely to conform
• (Social Bond Theory) 2) Commitment - gretaer your commitment to social goals, more likely to conform
• (Social Bond Theory) 3)Involvement - participation in approved social activities, morw likely to conform
• (Social Bond Theory) 4) Belief - belief in the norms and values of society
• Social Bond Theory - Stronger the social bond, less likely ti be involved in deviant activities; Weaker the social bond, easier it is for an individual to break violate social norms
• Symbolic Interactionist Approach - a theoretical perspective in sociology that addresses the manner in which society is cretaed and maintained through face-to-face, repeated, meaningful interactions among individuals