R&W

• Reading Techniques


  Styles, systems, or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information or ideas
• Techniques


  Way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill
• Reading


  Defined as a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct and derive meaning
• Scanning


  Rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to a specific fact or piece of information
• Skimming


  Method of rapidly moving eyes over text with a purpose of getting only the main ideas and general overview of the content
• Pre-reading


  Skimming is more thorough than simple previewing and can give a more accurate picture of text to be read later
• Reviewing


  Skimming is useful for reviewing text that is already read
• Reading


  Skimming is most often used for quickly reading material that, for any number of reasons, does not need more detailed information
• Phrase Reading


  Focusing attention on phrases. Done by professionals and by people who love to read
• Non-Phrase Reading


  Visual forms that summarize information and ideas through words, symbols, pictures, and drawings
• Cognitive Process


  An operation that affects mental content; the process of thinking and remembering; obtaining and storing of knowledge
• Decoding


  To find or understand the meaning of something; to recognize and interpret something; the process of translating a printed word into a sound
• Derive


  To take, receive or obtain something especially in a specified source
• Language acquisition


  The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate
• Note-taking


  The practice of writing down or otherwise recording key points of information. It is an important part of the research process
• Cornell method


  Provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes without laborious recopying. After writing the notes in the main space, use the left-hand space to label each idea and detail with a key word or "cue"
• The Cornell method is usually best except for some science classes such as physics or math
• Mapping method


  A method that uses comprehension/concentration skills and evolves in a note taking form which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea. Mapping is a graphic representation of the content of a lecture
• Charting method


  If the lecture format is distinct (such as chronological), you may set up your paper by drawing columns and labeling appropriate headings in a table
• Sentence method


  Write every new thought, fact or topic on a separate line, numbering as you progress
• Charting method


  Determine the categories to be covered in the lecture. Set up your paper in advance by columns headed by these categories. As you listen to the lecture, record information (words, phrases, main ideas, etc.) into the appropriate category
• Outlining method


  Listening and then write in points in an organized pattern based on space indention. Place major points farthest to the left. Indent each more specific point to the right. Levels of importance will be indicated by distance away from the major point. Indention can be as simple as or as complex as labeling the indentations with Roman numerals or decimals. Markings are not necessary as space relationships will indicate the major/minor points
• Cornell method


  Rule your paper with a 2 ½ inch margin on the left leaving a six-inch area on the right in which to make notes. During class, take down information on the six-inch area. When the instructor moves to a new point, skip a few lines. After class, complete phrases and sentences as much as possible. For every significant bit of information, write a cue in the left margin. To review, cover your notes with a card, leaving the cues exposed. Say the cue out loud, then say as much as you can of the material underneath the card. When you have said as much as you can, move the card and see if what you said matches what is written. If you can say it, you know it
• Outlining


  A blueprint of some more elaborate written structures. Function to help the writer construct a more unified and a better organized idea of a composition or essay
• Topic outline


  Uses single words or phrases in the headings
• Sentence outline


  Expands each part into full sentence
• Mixed outline


  Allows you to put your main ideas in complete sentence form and your subordinate ideas in topic form
• Paragraph outline


  Lists the topic ideas of each paragraph in order
• Summarizing


  The method using few words to give the most important information about something
• Rules in summarizing


  • divide and conquer
  • read
  • reread
  • one sentence at a time
  • write a thesis statement
  • ready to write
  • check for accuracy
  • revise
• Main idea


  Refers to a complete statement, the point the writer is making about the topic
• Generalization


  Defined as a broad statement or an idea that applies to a group of people or things. Not entirely true
• Inference


  Act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence
• Clauses


  These are groups of words with a subject and a verb
• Types of clauses


  • Independent and dependent
• Independent


  These can stand alone because they express complete thoughts
• Dependent


  It is also known as subordinate clause. These can't stand alone because they don't express complete thoughts
• Types of subordinate clauses


  • Adjective, adverb, Noun
• Adjective clause


  It is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective. They are often introduced by special words called relative pronouns
• Adverb clause


  It is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. These are introduced by subordinating conjunctions