Module 2

• Sample


  The selected individual/s who will serve as main source of the data or who will take part in the study
• Sampling technique


  The process by which samples will be selected. This can be probability or non-probability sampling technique
• Probability sampling is any method of sampling that uses different forms of random selection
• Non-probability sampling relies on the subjective judgement of the research
• Qualitative research employs a non-probability sampling
• Common non-probability sampling techniques in qualitative research

  • Convenience Sampling
  • Purposeful or Purposive Sampling
  • Criterion Sampling
  • Critical Case Sampling
  • Snow Ball Sampling
• Convenience Sampling


  A type of non-probability sampling wherein the sample is taken from a group or people who are easy to contact or to reach
• Purposeful or Purposive Sampling


  A non-probability sampling known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling where the researcher relies on their own judgement when choosing participants through predetermined standards
• Criterion Sampling


  A purposeful sampling that identifies participants through particular criteria based from the needs of the study
• Critical Case Sampling


  A purposive sampling wherein the researcher deliberately chooses participants based on their capability in providing the necessary data for the research
• Snow Ball Sampling


  A purposive sampling known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling
• Non-probability sampling


  A sampling technique where participants are chosen based on availability and researcher's judgement, not random selection
• Determining participants using non-probability sampling

  1. Set criteria for participants

  2. Deliberately choose participants based on their knowledge/capability

  3. Ask previous participants to refer others
• Convenience sampling


  • Participants chosen based on availability and accessibility to the researcher
• Criterion sampling


  • Participants chosen based on pre-determined criteria
• Critical case sampling


  • Participants deliberately chosen based on their ability to provide necessary data
• Snowball/chain sampling


  • Initial participants refer other potential participants
• Non-probability sampling is used when it is impossible or impractical to use random sampling
• Non-probability sampling does not allow the researcher to generalize findings to the entire population
• Sample size in non-probability sampling is usually smaller compared to probability sampling